ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Adrb2 Expression in Ocular-Infiltrating Macrophages Is Necessary for Interleukin-6 Expression and Choroidal Neovascularization.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tissue-resident macrophages maintain choroidal homeostasis by complement dependent and independent mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: Effective therapies for treatment resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) remain an unmet need. Beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) blockers can decrease laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size in mice. We have shown that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are necessary for beta-AR blockers to inhibit CNV. However, the specific beta-AR and the mechanism of this pathway are not fully elucidated. We hypothesized that beta2-AR (Adrb2) signaling on MDMs increases IL-6 production and stimulates CNV. Methods: Previously published single-cell RNA-sequencing data was reanalyzed to determine which mononuclear phagocytes express beta-ARs. Adrb2flox/flox: Cx3cr1CreER/+ mice (Adrb2ΔMacs) or Adrb2flox/flox (Adrb2flox) controls were given tamoxifen injections at either four weeks before or at the time of laser-induced CNV to knockout Adrb2 in tissue resident or all macrophages, respectively. Mice underwent laser induced-CNV, and eyes were collected for choroidal wholemount immunofluorescence imaging to measure CNV area, multiparameter flow cytometry to analyze macrophage heterogeneity, and ELISAs to quantitate IL-6 levels. Results: Adrb2 was the predominantly expressed beta-AR and was found on microglia, macrophages, and monocytes. Adrb2 deletion in tissue resident macrophages had no effect upon CNV area. Adrb2 deletion in all macrophages decreased CNV area by 1.4-fold. Adrb2ΔMacs posterior eye cups demonstrated similar levels of pro-angiogenic CD11c+ macrophages compared to Adrb2flox controls, but Ly6CnegCD11cneg macrophages were significantly increased. IL-6 levels increased with laser in Adrb2flox controls, but IL-6 levels in Adrb2ΔMacs posterior eye cups were unchanged. Conclusions: Beta2-AR deletion in ocular-infiltrating macrophages decreases laser-induced CNV area. Beta2-AR expression regulates IL-6 expression in monocyte-derived macrophages.
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