Evidence mapPaperPMID 40436931Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Causal relationship between glycemic traits and inflammatory eye diseases and their complications, and myopia: a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Yingying Nie, Xunlang Zhang, Xiaoxiao Wu, Qiulin Mi, Zhihuang Yang, Junguo Duan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yingying NieSichuan Myopia Prevention and Treatment Center of Integrative Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Xunlang ZhangChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Xiaoxiao WuChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Qiulin MiChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China.
Zhihuang YangQueensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, Australia.
Junguo DuanSichuan Myopia Prevention and Treatment Center of Integrative Medicine, Chengdu, 610000, China. opthal66@cdutcm.edu.cn.

Funding

Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Plan "Unveiling and Leading" Project 2023YFS0506Traditional Chinese Medicine "Xinglin Scholars" Discipline Talent Research Enhancement Plan ZDZX2022004
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current evidence on glycemic traits' causal links to inflammatory eye diseases, complications, and myopia remains limited and inconsistent, particularly regarding glucose regulation. This study evaluates specific indicators to address these knowledge gaps. A two-sample Mendelian randomization framework from a genome-wide association study was used. Causal estimates were obtained using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model and weighted model methods. Cochran Q test, MR-Egger regression, MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis were used to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Higher proinsulin levels correlated with glaucoma and POAG risks (OR = 1.263, 95%CI = 1.020-1.563, P = 0.032; OR = 1.409, 95%CI = 1.075-1.846, P = 0.01). Higher BMI and fasting insulin were cataract risk factors (OR = 1.261, 95%CI = 1.135-1.401, P < 0.001; OR = 1.645, 95%CI = 1.100-2.460, P = 0.015); BMI is a risk factor for keratitis (OR = 1.463, 95%CI = 1.071-1.997, P = 0.017). Adiponectin protected against chronic conjunctivitis (OR = 0.464, 95%CI = 0.265-0.811, P = 0.007), HbA1c against retinal vein occlusion (OR = 0.266, 95%CI = 0.105-0.675, P = 0.005). High adiponectin reduced myopia (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.984-0.997, P = 0.003), while high HbA1c increased it (OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 1.008-1.027, P < 0.001). Glycemic profiles increase the risk for inflammatory eye diseases and complications including keratitis, glaucoma, and cataracts but protect against chronic conjunctivitis and retinal vein occlusion. Low adiponectin and high HbA1c raise myopia risk. Targeting modifiable factors (physical activity/sugar intake) suggests novel myopia prevention strategies.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseEye DiseasesMyopiaBody Mass IndexGenome-Wide Association StudyGlaucomaHumansInflammationMendelian Randomization AnalysisPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProinsulinRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseProinsulinComplicationsGlycemic traitsInflammatory eye diseasesMendelian randomizationMyopia

Identifiers

PMID40436931
PMCPMC12119842

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.