Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40437087›Full record

ArticleNature2025

The pivot penalty in research.

Ryan Hill, Yian Yin, Carolyn Stein, Xizhao Wang, Dashun Wang, Benjamin F Jones

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. The rise of large language models and the direction and impact of US federal research funding.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Tenure and research trajectories.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ryan Hill *Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Yian Yin *Center for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Carolyn SteinHaas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Xizhao WangKellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Dashun WangCenter for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. dashun.wang@northwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7054-2206
Benjamin F JonesCenter for Science of Science and Innovation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. bjones@kellogg.northwestern.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9697-9388

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Scientists and inventors set the direction of their work amid evolving questions, opportunities and challenges, yet the understanding of pivots between research areas and their outcomes remains limited

Indexed as

ResearchResearch PersonnelCooperative BehaviorCOVID-19EfficiencyHumansPatents as Topic

Identifiers

PMID40437087
PMCPMC12222024

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.