Evidence mapPaperPMID 40437363Full record

ReviewBiological procedures online2025

Mechanisms of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Yongchun Zou, Xinliang Wan, Qichun Zhou, Gangxing Zhu, Shanshan Lin, Qing Tang, Xiaobing Yang, Sumei Wang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biological procedures online, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Therapeutic potential of natural triterpenoids in liver cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yongchun Zou *Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
Xinliang Wan *Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
Qichun ZhouClinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
Gangxing ZhuClinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
Shanshan LinClinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
Qing TangClinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. tangqingyanjiu@163.com.
Xiaobing YangClinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. yangxiaobing2002@126.com.
Sumei WangClinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. wangsumei198708@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-4019

Funding

the Key project of State Key Laboratory of dampness syndrome of Chinese medicine jointly built by province and Ministry SZ2021ZZ38the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2017B030314166the Research Fund of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine BJ2022KY13
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in diagnostic methods and systemic treatments, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the development of drug resistance remains a significant challenge in HCC management. Traditional treatments such as surgical resection and transarterial chemoembolization offer limited efficacy, especially in advanced stages. Although novel therapies like lenvatinib, sorafenib, regorafenib, and ICIs have shown promise, their effectiveness is often hindered by primary and acquired resistance, leading to poor long-term survival outcomes. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies in HCC. Key factors contributing to resistance include alterations in the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune evasion, hypoxia, changes in cellular metabolism, and genetic mutations. Additionally, molecular players such as ferroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ABC transporters, and non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs) are discussed as contributors to drug resistance. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming resistance, improving patient outcomes, and ultimately enhancing survival rates in HCC patients.

Indexed as

Drug resistanceHepatocellular carcinomaImmune checkpoint inhibitorsTargeted therapyTumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID40437363
PMCPMC12117952

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.