Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40437522›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2025

Excessive iron accumulation in the striatum associated with addictive behaviors of medication-overuse headache: a prospective study.

Xun Pei, Xiaoyan Bai, Xue Zhang, Zhangxuan Hu, Wei Wang, Xueyan Zhang, Yingkui Zhang, Hefei Tang, Yaqing Zhang, Xueying Yu and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xun PeiTiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyan BaiTiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xue ZhangTiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Zhangxuan HuGE Healthcare, Beijing, China.
Wei WangHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xueyan ZhangDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityKey Lab of Medical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Yingkui ZhangTiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hefei TangHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yaqing ZhangHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xueying YuHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Ziyu YuanHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Peng ZhangHeadache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Tong ChenTiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuanbin ZhaoTiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Xiuqin JiaDepartment of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityKey Lab of Medical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Qi Yang *Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityKey Lab of Medical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China. yangyangqiqi@gmail.com.
Yonggang Wang *Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. w100yg@gmail.com.
Binbin Sui *Tiantan Neuroimaging Center for Excellence, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. reneesui@163.com.

Funding

Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation L232130National Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Z200024National Natural Science Foundation of China 32170752National Natural Science Foundation of China 62271061
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAbnormal iron deposition may be a biomarker for a disrupted central antinociceptive neuronal network, and the relationship between iron deposition and the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic migraine (CM) with medication overuse (MOH) remains unclear. We investigated iron deposition in the deep gray matter (DGM) of the brain in CM patients with and without MOH using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

methodsForty-eight healthy controls (HCs) and 69 CM patients (36 with MOH; 33 without MOH) were recruited. QSM data were acquired using a 3.0 T Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Regions of interest (ROI) in the DGM, including the bilateral caudate, putamen, globus pallidus (GP), hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala, were segmented from the T1-weighted images (T1WI) of the whole brain of each individual patient using FreeSurfer. QSM images were registered to T1WI. QSM values within each ROI were extracted and compared between CM and HCs, as well as between CM with MOH and CM without MOH. Correlations between QSM values and clinical assessment scale scores were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of QSM values in these DGM for detecting CM and CM with MOH.

resultsCompared to HCs, CM patients exhibited increased iron deposition in the caudate (p = 0.013) and putamen (p < 0.001). In the CM without MOH group, headache duration correlated positively with iron deposition in the caudate (r = 0.502, p = 0.010) and putamen (r = 0.514, p = 0.009). CM with MOH patients showed greater iron deposition in the caudate (p < 0.001), putamen (p < 0.001), and GP (p = 0.049) than those without MOH, with medication use frequency correlating positively with iron deposition in the caudate (r = 0.427, p = 0.023) and putamen (r = 0.445, p = 0.018). ROC curve analysis indicated that the caudate (AUC = 0.736) and putamen (AUC = 0.729) exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing CM with MOH.

conclusionsCM patients with MOH had excessive iron deposition in basal ganglia regions, including the caudate, putamen, and GP, which may be related to the medication overuse behavior. Iron deposition in the caudate and putamen may be a potential biomarker for CM with MOH. These findings provide insight into the common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MOH and potential addiction.

Indexed as

Corpus StriatumHeadache Disorders, SecondaryIronAdultCase-Control StudiesFemaleGray MatterHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesIronAddictionChronic migraineIron depositionMedication-overuse headacheQuantitative susceptibility mapping

Identifiers

PMID40437522
PMCPMC12121094

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.