Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40437795›Full record

ArticleEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2025

Current Status of Delay in Injectable Therapy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in South Korea: Multicenter Retrospective Study (2015-2021).

Jong Han Choi, Min Kyong Moon, Hae Jin Kim, Kyung Ae Lee, Hyun Jin Kim, Jung Hae Ko, Jae-Seung Yun, Seung-Hyun Ko, Suk Chon, Nam Hoon Kim

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jong Han ChoiDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Min Kyong MoonDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Hae Jin KimDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Kyung Ae LeeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Hyun Jin KimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
Jung Hae KoDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
Jae-Seung YunDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Seung-Hyun KoDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Suk ChonDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Nam Hoon KimDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Funding

Korean Diabetes Association 2021F-8
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgruoundWe aimed to assess the therapeutic inertia associated with injectable therapies and the factors influencing glycemic control following these therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in South Korea.

methodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 2,598 T2DM patients aged 20 to 75 years from 10 referral medical centers in South Korea. These patients had been treated with three or four oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and were subsequently initiated on insulin (n=1,942) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs, n=656) between January 2015 and December 2021. We analyzed the time to initiation of injectable therapy, changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and associations between clinical factors and glycemic control.

resultsAt the time of injectable therapy initiation, the mean HbA1c was 9.54%, with insulin users having a higher HbA1c level (9.79%) than GLP-1RA users (8.70%). The mean time from starting 3 or 4 OADs to initiating injectable therapy was 3.19 years: 53.5% of patients had started injectable therapy after 2 years, and 24.2% started after 5 years. Among insulin users, older age (P= 0.004), higher body mass index (P=0.035), and lower HbA1c levels at insulin initiation (P<0.001) were associated with better glycemic control. Among GLP-1RA users, only the HbA1c level at therapy initiation (P<0.001) was a significant factor.

conclusionThis study highlighted significant delays in initiating injectable therapies, particularly insulin, in T2DM patients in South Korea. Early initiation of injectable therapy may improve long-term glycemic control in these patients.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsInsulinTime-to-TreatmentAdultAgedBlood GlucoseFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansInjectionsMaleMiddle AgedBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinDiabetes mellitus, type 2Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonistsGlycemic controlInsulinTreatment delay

Identifiers

PMID40437795
PMCPMC12602008

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.