ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2025
The "crossover effect" of COVID-19 in pregnancy on the infant microbiome.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mare's Milk for Gut Microbiome Restoration and Immune Recovery After COVID-19 in Children and Pregnant Women: A Hypothesis-Generating Systematic Review.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanistic insights into the impact of prenatal viral infections on maternal and offspring immunity.Npj viruses · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public health. However, the impact of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on the microbiome of the mother and her newborn child still remains poorly understood. Methods: This study involved 94 mother-child pairs whose mothers had COVID-19 during pregnancy and 44 newborns as a control group recruited in 2018. Stool samples were collected from women before delivery and from infants at 5-7 days after birth and used for 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: We found that the microbiomes of infants exposed in utero to COVID-19 showed decreased microbial diversity and richness. Moreover, we observed a higher inter-sample variability between infant samples in the case group, which might suggest destabilization of their microbiomes. Neither alpha- nor beta-diversity metrics differed significantly between the groups depending on the trimester when the mother contracted COVID-19. Thus, the timing of prenatal COVID-19 exposure had no effect on the infant gut microbiome. Conclusion: COVID-19 during pregnancy can significantly compromise the establishment of the infant gut microbiome presumably by disrupting the mother's microbiome.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.