Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40441692›Full record

Trial reportRenal failure2025

Comparison of middle molecule removal with expanded hemodialysis versus haemodiafiltration among Chinese hemodialysis patients.

Liangying Gan, Leyi Gu, Yongchun Ge, Hongli Lin, Yiwen Li, Fengling Chen, Wenge Li, Bihu Gao, Feng Ding, Xinzhou Zhang and 6 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter StudyComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Liangying GanPeking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0125-1691
Leyi GuShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Yongchun GeNanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jiangsu, China.
Hongli LinThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
Yiwen LiZhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
Fengling ChenThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
Wenge LiChina-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
Bihu GaoAffiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Liaoning, China.
Feng DingShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Xinzhou ZhangShenzhen People's Hospital, Guangdong, China.
Zhenwei ShiBeijing Huaxin Hospital First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jiayao JiBaxter China Investment Company Ltd, Shanghai, China.
Qiang YaoBaxter China Investment Company Ltd, Shanghai, China.
Brad KellerBaxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA.
Surupa SarkarBaxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA.
Li ZuoPeking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study aimed to compare uremic toxin removal with expanded hemodialysis against post-dilution online haemodiafiltration therapy in Chinese patients with chronic kidney failure in a single treatment.

methodsThis randomized, controlled, open-label, parallel, multicenter trial enrolled prevalent patients on hemodialysis. The study endpoints were to establish the non-inferiority of expanded hemodialysis versus haemodiafiltration in removing beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) and lambda-free light chains (λFLC) and to evaluate the reduction ratios of urea, alpha-1-microglobulin (α1M), myoglobin, complement factor D, kappa-free light chains (κFLC) and Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) during a mid-week dialysis session. The 95% confidence intervals of the difference in λFLC and β2M reduction ratios with expanded hemodialysis were compared against pre-defined non-inferiority margins (-3.783 and -7.848, respectively). Non-inferior reduction ratios were tested for superiority using hierarchical testing.

resultsOverall, 274 adult patients were randomized to expanded hemodialysis (

conclusionOur study demonstrates the effectiveness of expanded hemodialysis therapy in removing multiple middle molecules compared to haemodiafiltration therapy, with no observed differences in the overall safety of Chinese patients.

Indexed as

HemodiafiltrationKidney Failure, ChronicRenal DialysisUremic ToxinsAdultAgedAlpha-Globulinsbeta 2-MicroglobulinChinaChitinase-3-Like Protein 1East Asian PeopleFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin lambda-ChainsMaleMiddle Agedalpha-1-microglobulinAlpha-Globulinsbeta 2-MicroglobulinChitinase-3-Like Protein 1Immunoglobulin lambda-ChainsToxins, BiologicalUreauremia middle molecule toxinsUremic ToxinsChitinase-3-like protein 1Expanded hemodialysisfree light chainshaemodiafiltrationmedium cutoff

Identifiers

PMID40441692
PMCPMC12123964

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.