Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40445469›Full record

ArticleNeurosurgical review2025

Comparative efficacy of urokinase and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activators in intraventricular hemorrhage.

Kiyoon Yang, Kyung Hwan Kim, Heewon Jeong, Eun-Oh Jeong, Han-Joo Lee, Hyon-Jo Kwon, Seung-Won Choi, Seon-Hwan Kim, Hyeon-Song Koh

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurosurgical review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kiyoon Yang *Department of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Kyung Hwan Kim *Department of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Heewon JeongDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Eun-Oh JeongDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Han-Joo LeeDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Hyon-Jo KwonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Seung-Won ChoiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Seon-Hwan KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Hyeon-Song KohDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. kohhs@cnu.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with high mortality and severe disability. This study aimed to compare the effects of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) on functional outcomes and IVH clearance in patients with IVH.

methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 patients with IVH treated from January 2014 to February 2024. Patients received either uPA or r-tPA via external ventricular drainage (EVD) and were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 180 days. Prognostic factors were analyzed to evaluate the treatment effects.

resultsThe 180-day mRS outcomes were similar between the uPA and r-tPA groups (P = 0.817). However, r-tPA achieved faster IVH clearance (P = 0.022) with shorter dosing and drain durations. By postoperative day 3, the IVH volume significantly decreased in the r-tPA group, allowing earlier intraventricular fibrinolysis cessation. ICU stays were shorter and infection rates lower in the r-tPA group, but these differences were not statistically significant. Multivariate analysis identified the NIHSS and initial ICH volume as key outcome predictors (P = 0.048, P = 0.035).

conclusionWhile r-tPA facilitated faster IVH clearance, it did not improve long-term functional outcomes. Faster clearance with r-tPA may help reduce ICU stays and infection rates, but initial neurological status remains a primary prognostic factor. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the potential benefits of r-tPA in IVH management.

Indexed as

Cerebral HemorrhageCerebral Intraventricular HemorrhageFibrinolytic AgentsTissue Plasminogen ActivatorUrokinase-Type Plasminogen ActivatorAgedDrainageFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRecombinant ProteinsRetrospective StudiesThrombolytic TherapyTreatment OutcomeFibrinolytic AgentsRecombinant ProteinsTissue Plasminogen ActivatorUrokinase-Type Plasminogen ActivatorExternal ventricular drainageIntraventricular fibrinolysisIntraventricular hemorrhageRecombinant Tissue-type plasminogen activatorUrokinase

Identifiers

PMID40445469

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.