Evidence mapPaperPMID 40445549Full record

ArticleDrugs - real world outcomes2025

Income-Based Disparities in Opioid Prescription Dispensing Among Public Drug Plan Beneficiaries in Canada from 2010 to 2018: A Population-Based and Sex-Stratified Retrospective Study.

Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh, Moad Alsefaou, Susan J Elliott, Martin Cooke, Feng Chang

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Article in Drugs - real world outcomes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mhd Wasem AlsabbaghSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada. wasem.alsabbagh@uwaterloo.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2426-9528
Moad AlsefaouSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.
Susan J ElliottDepartment of Geography and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Environment, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Martin CookeSchool of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West Waterloo, Kitchener, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Feng ChangSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada.

Funding

SAMHSA HHS 1920-HQ-000028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious research in Canada has examined opioids prescription dispensing at the population level but did not examine the potential relationship with area-level income and rates of opioid dispensing.

objectiveThe aim was to estimate average and annual opioid dispensing rate ratios (RRs) between lowest and highest income quintile geographic areas in Canada.

methodsWe performed a population-based retrospective study using the National Prescription Drug Utilization Information System (NPDUIS) between 2010 and 2018 that contains prescription records for all public drug plan beneficiaries (65+) in all Canadian provinces, excluding Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. We used census median household income, calculated at the Forward Sortation Area (FSA-the first three letters of the postal code) to assign income quintiles. Morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was calculated for all opioid dispensing and was divided by population of the FSA quintile. Population census year 2016 was used for population and income estimations. We calculated the average and annual RR between lowest and highest quintiles and stratified them by patients' sex. The significance of the trend of annual RR was tested by linear regression.

resultsThe average MME per capita for the 65+ population ranged from 2321.8 in quintile 1 to 5831.9 in quintile 5. The RR between highest and lowest quintile was 2.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-3.7), and was more profound for males (3.2, 95% CI 1.4-4.9) than females (2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.3). Over the study period, the RR reduced slightly from 2.7 to 2.3 (p < 0.01). However, this trend was only significant for females.

conclusionInequity in opioid prescriptions dispensing was persistent over time. Patients in the lowest income quintiles received higher amounts of opioids per capita, with some sex variation. Dispensing policies must take these equity issues into account.

Identifiers

PMID40445549
PMCPMC12380661

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