Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40447488›Full record

ArticleThe journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease2025

Cerebrovascular disease in Alzheimer's disease: Brain structure as a critical mediator of cognitive decline.

Chao Tang, Yaqi Ding, Jiaxin Yang, Dian He

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Chao TangDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China.
Yaqi DingDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China.
Jiaxin YangDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China.
Dian HeDepartment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou Province, China. Electronic address: hedian@gmc.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe co-occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease is increasingly prevalent in aging populations, yet the mechanisms of their interaction remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the associations between CVD and AD and their composite effects on cognitive function, identifying key mediating pathways in these relationships.

methodsParticipants underwent standardized clinical evaluations, detailed neuropsychological testing, and comprehensive neuropathological examinations. Structural equation modeling with multiple mediation analyses was employed to disentangle direct and indirect effects of vascular pathology on cognition and identify key mediating pathways. Relationships between specific cognitive domain assessments and whole brain and hippocampal volumes were analyzed, while interactions between traditional AD biomarkers (amyloid, tau) and vascular factors were examined.

resultsCVD substantially increased AD risk. Structural equation modeling revealed that vascular factors influence cognitive performance primarily through hippocampal atrophy, APOE genotype, and cerebral atrophy. Participants with concomitant AD +CVD pathology displayed a distinctive hybrid pattern of brain-cognition relationships, with stronger correlations between hippocampal atrophy and cognitive performance compared to pure AD or CVD cases. Pathway-specific analysis demonstrated that hippocampal atrophy served as the strongest mediator of vascular effects on cognition, followed by cerebral atrophy and APOE genotype.

conclusionOur findings demonstrate that cerebrovascular disease significantly increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease and substantially influences its clinical expression through multiple pathways, with structural brain changes serving as critical mediators of vascular effects on cognition. These results highlight the importance of addressing vascular health as an integral component of strategies to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive disorders.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCerebrovascular DisordersCognitive DysfunctionHippocampusAgedAged, 80 and overAtrophyBiomarkersCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleNeuroimagingNeuropsychological TestsBiomarkersAlzheimer's diseaseCerebrovascular diseaseCognitive declineHippocampal atrophyStructural mediation

Identifiers

PMID40447488
PMCPMC12413723

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.