Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40448092›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Does population density impact maternal and child health? Mediating effects of the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index.

Xinyan Jiang, Jinpeng Xu, Feier Cheng, Xinhui Zuo, Dongxue Wang, Weixue Yin, Lijuan Cui, Fengzhe Xie, Liuying Wang, Bobkov Artem and 2 more

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Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Xinyan Jiang *Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Jinpeng Xu *Department of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Feier ChengDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Xinhui ZuoDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Dongxue WangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Weixue YinDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Lijuan CuiDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Fengzhe XieDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Liuying WangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Bobkov ArtemDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Guomei TianDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang district, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China.
Zheng KangDepartment of Social Medicine, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China. kangzheng@hrbmu.edu.cn.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 72074064
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis article examines the association between population density, maternal mortality, and under-5 mortality in countries throughout the world, as well as the mediating impacts of the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index (UHC-SCI).

methodsThe World Health Organization's website provided data on maternal mortality and the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index for the years 2000-2020. The World Bank database included information on population density and under-5 mortality rates for nations between 2000 and 2020. Panel regressions were used to examine the association between population density and maternal and under-5 mortality in each nation, as well as the mediating influence of the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index, while accounting for economic, environmental, and medical factors. Finally, data is divided into regressions based on World Bank member countries' income levels to examine heterogeneity.

resultsThe study included 175 countries and found a significant negative correlation between population density, maternal mortality, and under-5 mortality (B = -1.015, -1.146, P < 0.05). The Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index mediated this relationship (B = -1.044, -1.141, P < 0.05).

conclusionsIncreasing population density in countries around the world has helped to reduce maternal and child mortality. As population density has increased, so has the level of the Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index, which has proven effective in lowering maternal and under-5 mortality. Governments should plan interventions to build basic health facilities and allocate resources to health services based on population density, level of economic development, and the current state of their health systems, with the goal of stabilizing the rate of change in maternal and under-5 mortality and, eventually, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

Indexed as

Child HealthChild MortalityMaternal MortalityPopulation DensityUniversal Health InsuranceChild, PreschoolFemaleGlobal HealthHumansInfantUnited NationsChild mortality rateDensity of populationMaternal mortality rateSustainable development goalsUniversal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index

Identifiers

PMID40448092
PMCPMC12123766

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.