Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40448183›Full record

ArticleBMC nutrition2025

The relationship between dietary phytochemical index and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran: a case-control study.

Tooba Bahramfard, Mohammad-Amin Zolghadrpour, Mohammad-Reza Jowshan, Davood Sheikhi, Atousa Zandvakili, Zahra Mohagheghzade, Marjan Roozbehi, Azizollah Pourmahmoudi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tooba BahramfardStudents Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Mohammad-Amin ZolghadrpourDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad-Reza JowshanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Davood SheikhiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Atousa ZandvakiliFaculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
Zahra MohagheghzadeStudent Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
Marjan RoozbehiDepartment of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Azizollah PourmahmoudiDepartment of Nutrition, School of Health & Nutrition, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran. pourmahmoudi@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus has been linked to dietary factors. This is one of the first studies that has investigated the relationship between dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between DPI and GDM.

methodsThis case-control study investigated 71 women without GDM and 71 women with GDM who had a singleton fetus. The average age of these two groups was 28 and 33 years, respectively, and these pregnant mothers were in the 27th week of pregnancy on average. A 168-item semi-quantitative FFQ questionnaire was used to determine food intake. Then, to check the intake status of dietary phytochemicals, DPI was calculated, then logistic regression was used in different models to evaluate the relationship between DPI and GDM.

resultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the highest DPI tertile had 88% less chance of developing GDM (odds ratio = 0.12; 95% confidence intervals: 0.86-0.019). The mean DPI score of the case and control groups were 31.01 ± 22.17 and 36.09 ± 8.73, respectively. The overall mean DPI score for the study was 33.59 ± 18.88.

conclusionWomen who have a higher DPI score are less likely to develop GDM, but more studies are necessary to confirm the results of the present study.

Indexed as

Dietary phytochemical indexGestational diabetes mellitusIranPregnancy

Identifiers

PMID40448183
PMCPMC12124065

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.