Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2025
A Factorial Randomized Clinical Trial of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Treatment Recommendations to Quit Versus Continue E-cigarettes When Quitting Smoking in Young Adult Dual Users.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interventions for quitting vaping.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Narrative Review of Novel Nicotine-Delivery Systems and Emerging Pharmaceuticals for Tobacco Cessation.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMultiple tobacco product use has increased markedly in the United States, especially dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among young adults. Little is known regarding nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for young adult dual users, or whether to recommend quitting versus continuing e-cigarettes during smoking cessation treatment.
methodsThis 2 × 2 factorial trial randomized 396 young adult dual users (aged 18-29; ≥ 5 cigarettes/day; used e-cigarettes on ≥ 10 of past 30 days) to receive 12 weeks of combination NRT versus No NRT to quit smoking, plus text-based treatment recommendations to Quit versus Continue E-cigarettes. The primary outcome was self-reported end-of-treatment 7-day point-prevalence abstinence (PPA) from cigarettes; a secondary outcome was end-of-treatment 30-day PPA from cigarettes.
resultsParticipants were 26.0 (SD = 6.8) years old, 52.8% female, and 26.5% non-white. At week 12, NRT increased 7-day PPA (NRT = 50.5% versus No NRT = 39.9%; OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.29), but neither treatment recommendation (Quit E-cigarettes = 48.0% versus Continue E-cigarettes = 42.4%; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.84, 1.85) nor the NRT-by-treatment recommendation interaction were significant. The direction and magnitude of main effects for 30-day PPA at week 12 were similar to 7-day PPA, but the NRT-by-treatment recommendation interaction was significant (p = .04): smoking cessation was greatest for the NRT plus Quit E-cigarettes condition (47.1%) versus NRT plus Continue E-cigarettes (28.1%); No NRT plus Quit E-cigarettes (29.2%); and No NRT plus Continue E-cigarettes (30.4%) conditions (all p < .05).
conclusionsNRT is effective in promoting early smoking cessation among young adult dual users. Secondary findings indicate that pairing NRT with support to quit both products could enhance the effects on prolonged cigarette abstinence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.