Evidence mapPaperPMID 40450212Full record

ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025

Long-term safety and efficacy of ivabradine after direct percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure: a single-center retrospective study.

Xiaohua Guo, Wenwen Yang, Yingchao Cui, Rongxin Guo, Yangyang Zhu, Tong Liu, Kangyin Chen, Changle Liu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaohua Guo *Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Wenwen Yang *Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Yingchao CuiTianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Rongxin GuoTianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Yangyang ZhuTianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Tong LiuTianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Kangyin ChenTianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
Changle LiuTianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, No. 23, Pingjiang Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China. lcl1979_2001@163.com.

Funding

Science Foundation of The Tianjin Education Commission 2024ZD028the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University 2023LC04Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project TJYXZDXK-029ATianjin Natural Science Foundation 21JCYBJC01460
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere are few studies on the long-term efficacy and safety of ivabradine in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by heart failure. We aimed to assess the above questions and provide clinical experience.

methodsThe study enrolled patients with AMI complicated by heart failure who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from January 2022 to June 2023. Based on the discharge medications, patients were stratified into two groups: (1) the ivabradine group (receiving ivabradine with or without β-blockers) and (2) the β-blocker monotherapy group (control). Efficacy effects included in-hospital heart rate control, all-cause mortality, and heart failure readmission. Safety effects comprised recurrent myocardial infarction and recurrent angina rehospitalization. The initial cohort comprised 517 patients, excluding 62 who discontinued ivabradine, leaving 455 for analysis  (ivabradine group: n = 101; β-blocker group: n = 354). Following 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), 92 matched pairs were available for analysis. Potential confounding variables were adjusted through robust Cox proportional hazards regression modeling.

resultsPost-treatment, heart rate at discharge significantly decreased in both groups, with the ivabradine group demonstrating lower values than the β-blocker group (P < 0.05). At 2-year follow-up (post- PSM), the ivabradine group showed a reduced risk of heart failure readmission compared to the β-blocker group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13-0.77; P = 0.012). However, no significant intergroup difference was observed in all-cause mortality (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.41-2.61; P = 0.937). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the safety endpoints, including recurrent myocardial infarction or rehospitalization for angina.

conclusionEarly administration of ivabradine following PCI in patients with AMI complicated by heart failure can lower resting heart rate and is beneficial in reducing the risk of rehospitalization for heart failure. However, these findings support further investigation in future large prospective studies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular AgentsHeart FailureHeart RateIvabradineMyocardial InfarctionPercutaneous Coronary InterventionAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient ReadmissionRecurrenceRetrospective StudiesRisk AssessmentAdrenergic beta-AntagonistsCardiovascular AgentsIvabradineAcute myocardial infarctionIvabradinePercutaneous coronary intervention

Identifiers

PMID40450212
PMCPMC12125783

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.