ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2025
Gut Microbial Signatures in Long COVID: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets.
Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Biomarkers of post-acute infection syndrome: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Imbalance of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurotransmitter Systems in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-Strain Probiotic Intervention Modestly Modulates Microbial Composition and Inflammatory Profile in Individuals with Long COVID.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Microbiome and Long COVID-19: Current Evidence and Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gulf War Illness, Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID Overlap in Common Symptoms and Underlying Biological Mechanisms: Implications for Future Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Anti-neuronal and anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies are associated with lower functional status and more severe respiratory symptoms in post COVID syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionFollowing severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, symptoms can persist for more than 12 weeks in over 10% of patients in a condition known as long coronavirus disease (COVID). Gut microbiota dysbiosis is correlated with long COVID, but the specific relationship between long COVID and the gut microbiome remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate connections between the gut microbiota and long COVID severity.
methodsFecal samples were collected from 31 patients with long COVID, 14 with COVID-19 but not long COVID, and 23 healthy controls. The mean interval between COVID-19 diagnosis and sample collection was 65.5 (range: 13.0-110.3) weeks for patients with long COVID and 74.8 (range: 50.7-110.4) weeks for positive control group. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Patient-reported outcomes were used to comprehensively assess long COVID symptom severity.
resultsSymptom severity was higher in patients with severe initial infections and significantly correlated with serum triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Results showed distinct microbial profiles in patients with long COVID. Leuconostoc, Actinomyces, and Granulicatella were significantly enriched, and they accurately distinguished patients with long COVID from controls, indicating their potential as long COVID biomarkers. Particular gut bacteria were significantly correlated with certain systemic, gastrointestinal, otolaryngologic, and visual symptoms. Parabacteroides, Eubacterium ventriosum group, and Rothia abundance was correlated with blood biomarkers that influence long COVID development, including total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and basophil levels.
conclusionsThe gut microbial signature of patients with long COVID differed from that of healthy controls. Certain microbial genera showed significant differences between patients with long COVID and controls, suggesting potential as preliminary biomarkers and therapeutic targets for long COVID pending validation in larger studies.
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