Evidence mapPaperPMID 40450643Full record

Observational studyAging clinical and experimental research2025

Quality of plant-based diets in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults with sarcopenia: a population-based study.

Shaoyang Liu, Lei Zhang, Shuo Ge, Jixiang Shi, Jianjun Qiu, Xiaoxu Ge, Qingge Fu

Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in Aging clinical and experimental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shaoyang Liu *Department of Orthopedics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Lei Zhang *Department of Orthopedics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Shuo GeDepartment of Orthopedics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Jixiang ShiDepartment of Orthopedics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Jianjun QiuDepartment of Orthopedics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
Xiaoxu GeDepartment of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China. Gxx3952@shtrhospital.com.
Qingge FuDepartment of Orthopedics, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China. fqg7821@163.com.

Funding

2024 Putuo District Central Hospital to Introduce Talent Start-up Fund 2024-YJRC-03Research Fund of Shanghai Tongren Hospital TRGG202116
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis observational study aimed to examine the relationship between three plant-based diet (PBD) indices and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in patients with sarcopenia.

methodsAdults with sarcopenia from the 1999-2006 and 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. A total plant-based diet index (PDI), a healthful PDI (hPDI) and an unhealthful PDI (uPDI) were created based on 17 food groups and were assessed for their associations with all-cause and CVD mortality risk using Cox proportional hazards regression models, restricted cubic spine analysis, and interaction analysis.

resultsA total of 684 (222 from CVD) deaths were documented in 2218 participants (mean age 51.36 years; 53.90% men) during a median follow-up of 117 months. Compared with the lowest quartile, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality in the highest quartile were 0.49 (0.33-0.75) for total PDI, 0.27 (0.19-0.39) for hPDI, and 1.85 (1.30-2.65) for uPDI. Similarly, for CVD mortality, the HRs and 95% CIs in the highest quartile were 0.29 (0.12-0.69) for total PDI, 0.30 (0.18-0.50) for hPDI, and 2.65 (1.21-5.77) for uPDI, compared to the lowest quartile. The protective associations of hPDI with all-cause and CVD mortality were more pronounced in participants younger than 45 years.

conclusionHigher adherence to PDI and hPDI is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, whereas higher adherence to uPDI is linked to an increased risk of mortality in US adults with sarcopenia.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDiet, Plant-BasedSarcopeniaAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsUnited StatesMortalityNHANESPlant-based dietSarcopenia

Identifiers

PMID40450643
PMCPMC12127227

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.