SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2025
The role of gut microbiota in modulating immune responses in chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and maintaining a balance within the gut-liver axis. In patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), alterations in gut microbiota have been linked to disease progression and impaired immune function. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of gut-modulating therapies on the immune responses of patients with CLD. Method: Two independent authors conducted a comprehensive literature search using complementary strategies to identify relevant articles published until March 2025. Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4) was used for data analysis, and the results were presented using forest plots. Results: Of the 373 identified studies, 16 were included in the analysis. The findings revealed that gut microbiota-modulating therapies significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels compared to control interventions (standardized mean difference [SMD], -0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.93, -0.23] p = 0.001), with similar results observed at the 6-month follow-up (SMD -1.3; 95% CI [-2.1, -0.4] p = 0.004). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed no significant change between the groups (SMD, -0.67; 95% CI [-1.5, 0.12) p = 0.09). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly reduced by gut-modulating therapies (SMD -1.057; 95% CI [-1.493, -0.621] p = 0.0005), with consistent results at 1- and 6-month follow-up. Changes in interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-18 levels and cellular immunity were also assessed. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of gut microbiota in modulating immune responses in patients with CLD and demonstrates the effectiveness of long-term gut-modulating therapies in reducing inflammatory markers. While CRP and TNF-α levels decreased, changes in IL-6 levels were inconsistent, warranting further research to elucidate the impact of gut microbiota-modulating therapies on this biomarker.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.