Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40453124›Full record

ArticleRSC advances2025

Development of highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of hydroquinone using a FAD functionalized fluorapatite/SWCNT hybrid composite modified electrode.

Mehtab Singh Sidhu, Gokul Sridharan, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Raji Atchudan, Sandeep Arya, Surendra H Mahadevegowda, Ashok K Sundramoorthy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in RSC advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mehtab Singh SidhuCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu India ashok.sundramoorthy@gmail.com.
Gokul SridharanCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu India ashok.sundramoorthy@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4585-8719
Dhanraj GanapathyCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu India ashok.sundramoorthy@gmail.com.
Raji AtchudanSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea.
Sandeep AryaDepartment of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu Jammu and Kashmir 180006 India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5059-0609
Surendra H MahadevegowdaDepartment of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh Tadepalligudem 534101 Andhra Pradesh India.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-8777
Ashok K SundramoorthyCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu India ashok.sundramoorthy@gmail.com.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8512-9393

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hydroquinone (HQ) is a toxic and carcinogenic substance commonly used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and various industrial applications. In this study, we report the synthesis of a novel composite material consisting of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) functionalized fluorapatite (FA) combined with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (FAD/FA/SWCNT). This composite was prepared through a mechanochemical method using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the dispersing solvent. The resulting composite was then applied on to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the electrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ). The structural morphology and phase of the nanocomposite were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible spectroscopy. Electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, were employed to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the surface-modified electrode for hydroquinone (HQ) detection. The FAD/FA/SWCNT biosensor exhibited a redox peak at -0.45 V in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.4) under blank conditions. The composite demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity, showing an increased current signal in response to HQ detection. The sensor displayed a linear response range from 0.005 μM to 258.2 μM for HQ, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.70 nM. Furthermore, the FAD/FA/SWCNT biosensor successfully detected HQ in spiked water samples, achieving high recovery rates between 100.4% and 103.0%, highlighting its potential for real-world applications.

Identifiers

PMID40453124
PMCPMC12120439

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.