ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2025
Sex differences in the transition to chronic pain.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sexually Dimorphic Neuroimmune Pathways in Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- Comorbidity Associations with Ocular Pain after Cataract Surgery: Overall and Sex-Stratified Analysis.AJO international · 2026Article
- Activation of mu-opioid receptors slows pacemaking in hypothalamic A11 dopamine neurons.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Mechanisms of Central Sensitization: A Narrative Review of the Neuroimmune Architecture of Chronic Pain.Cureus · 2026Review
- Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Chronification of Pain.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Low Back Pain: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Translational Challenges.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Genetic risk of chronic pain conditions associated with risk of suicide death through an integrative analysis of EHR and genomics data.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Pain in women: relevance of history of iron deficiency: comment on Laughey et al. (2025).Pain reports · 2026Article
- Programmed intermittent paravertebral bolus infusion reduces the incidence of postoperative chronic pain three months after thoracoscopic surgery in elderly patients: an observational study.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Distribution and associated factors of neck and shoulder pain among primary school children in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei province, China.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sex-related associations between psychoemotional factors and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pain Beliefs in the Military: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Perspectives of Instructors Within the Canadian Armed Forces on How Pain Is Addressed in Basic Training and the Broader Military Culture.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2026Article
- Obesity-driven low-grade chronic inflammation as a mechanistic bridge to chronic pain: from adipose tissue remodeling to central sensitization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal human transcriptomic and spatial gene profiling at the incisional edge during long surgical procedures.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Identification of risk factors and development of predictive models for chronic postsurgical pain after modified radical mastectomy.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Novel Neuroactive Steroid Analogs and Voltage-Dependent Blockers of CaBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Unidirectional Crosstalk Between NTRK1 and IGF2 Drives ER Stress in Chronic Pain.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Disentangling sex-specific mechanisms in neuropathic and nociplastic chronic pain: a review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Depression, Quality of Life and Medication Use Among Patients With Chronic Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pain research & management · 2025Article
- Engineering Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems for Pain.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic pain affects more than 50 million Americans, with women disproportionately affected by severe pain, pain interference, and overall disability. The development of chronic pain is multifactorial and often begins with an incident of acute pain associated with an injury or a surgical procedure that transitions to persistent pain lasting for months or years. Despite this, there are limited clinical studies investigating sex differences in predictors and biomarkers for the transition to chronic pain. Several preclinical animal models have been developed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms for the transition to chronic pain, and several sex-specific mechanisms have been identified across multiple systems. These preclinical models generally involve a multiple-insult approach, in which a priming insult enhances sensitivity to a subsequent induction stimulus. There is emerging evidence from preclinical research for several male-specific and female-specific mechanisms, as well as several studies showing shared mechanisms. Here, we review the clinical and preclinical literature covering sex differences in the periphery and immune system, the central nervous system, and the endocrine system related to the transition to chronic pain. We further highlight gaps in the literature and provide recommendations for future research to understand sex-specific differences in the transition to chronic pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.