Evidence mapPaperPMID 40455307Full record

SynthesisSports medicine - open2025

Are Plant-Based Diets Detrimental to Muscular Strength? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Miguel López-Moreno, Eugenio Viviani Rossi, José Francisco López-Gil, Paula Marrero-Fernández, Alberto Roldán-Ruiz, Gabriele Bertotti

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine - open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Goals in Nutrition Science 2025-2030.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Miguel López-MorenoFaculty of Health Sciences, Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, Spain.
Eugenio Viviani RossiFaculty of Medical Sciences, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
José Francisco López-GilSchool of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador. josefranciscolopezgil@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-7624
Paula Marrero-FernándezFaculty of Health Sciences, Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, Spain.
Alberto Roldán-RuizFaculty of Health Sciences, Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, Spain.
Gabriele BertottiFaculty of Health Sciences, Diet, Planetary Health and Performance, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe increasing interest in plant-based diets (PBDs) results from their beneficial impact on human health and environmental sustainability. However, the effect of PBDs on muscular strength in athletes remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of PBDs on muscular strength compared to omnivorous diets in adult populations.

methodsThe methodology was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure a comprehensive and transparent review process. Four electronic databases-MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus-were searched from their inception to September 2, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the impact of PBDs on the lower body, upper body, and overall muscular strength were included. The risk of bias for the included RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to estimate effect sizes, and multiple random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using an inverse variance model with Paule-Mandel adjustment.

resultsEight RCTs met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 188 participants (46% women; mean age between 20 and 65 years). The meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences between PBDs and omnivorous diets in terms of upper body muscular strength (SMD, - 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], - 0.50 to 0.27; n = 146), lower body muscular strength (SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, - 0.31 to 0.67; n = 188), and overall muscular strength (SMD, 0.21; 95% CI, - 0.16 to 0.58; n = 188).

conclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that PBDs do not compromise muscular strength compared to omnivorous diets. Further investigation considering key nutrients is necessary to ascertain the long-term effects of these dietary patterns on strength outcomes.

Identifiers

PMID40455307
PMCPMC12130401

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.