Evidence mapPaperPMID 40457357Full record

ArticlePediatric rheumatology online journal2025

Integrative machine learning identifies robust inflammation-related diagnostic biomarkers and stratifies immune-heterogeneous subtypes in Kawasaki disease.

Xia Wang, Lin Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric rheumatology online journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Xia WangDepartment of Paediatricst, Youyang County People's Hospital, No. 102, Taohuayuan Avenue Middle Road, Taohuayuan Street, Youyang County, Chongqing, 409800, China.
Lin ZhangDepartment of Paediatricst, Youyang County People's Hospital, No. 102, Taohuayuan Avenue Middle Road, Taohuayuan Street, Youyang County, Chongqing, 409800, China. zhanglin25002@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKawasaki disease (KD), a pediatric systemic vasculitis, lacks reliable diagnostic biomarkers and exhibits immune heterogeneity, complicating clinical management. Current therapies face challenges in targeting specific immune pathways and predicting treatment responses.

methodsMulti-cohort transcriptomic data were integrated to identify inflammation-related genes (IRGs). Differential analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Boruta, SVM-RFE, Random Forest) were applied to screen diagnostic biomarkers. Immune infiltration and molecular subtyping based on diagnostic biomarkers were analyzed, complemented by regulatory network analysis to explore transcriptional, pharmacological, and miRNA interactions.

resultsSix robust diagnostic biomarkers (ADM, ALPL, FCGR1A, HP, S100A12, SLC22A4) were identified, achieving AUC > 0.9 in cohorts. KD exhibited elevated neutrophils, monocytes, and Tregs but reduced CD8 + T cells and cytolytic activity. Consensus clustering stratified KD into two immune-heterogeneous subtypes: Cluster1 (neutrophil/Treg-dominant, enriched in TLR signaling) and Cluster2 (B cell/CD8 + T cell-dominant, linked to cytolytic activity). Regulatory networks revealed subtype-specific transcriptional regulators and therapeutic agents.

conclusionThis study establishes inflammation-related diagnostic biomarkers and immune-stratified subtypes for KD, offering a framework for precision immunomodulatory therapies.

Indexed as

InflammationMachine LearningMucocutaneous Lymph Node SyndromeBiomarkersChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGene Expression ProfilingGene Regulatory NetworksHumansInfantMaleBiomarkersDiagnostic biomarkersInflammation-related genesKawasaki diseaseMachine learningMolecular subtypes

Identifiers

PMID40457357
PMCPMC12128390

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.