Evidence mapPaperPMID 40458065Full record

ArticleScandinavian journal of rheumatology2025

Role of rheumatoid arthritis flare in the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: a population-based cohort study.

C Kodishala, R Jose George, R Javed, E J Lovering, C S Crowson, R J Lennon, C A Hulshizer, E Myasoedova

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

C KodishalaDivision of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3553-4304
R Jose GeorgeDivision of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-2697-3511
R JavedDivision of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
E J LoveringDivision of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
C S CrowsonDivision of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
R J LennonDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8366-8422
C A HulshizerDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
E MyasoedovaDivision of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2006-1436

Funding

HEART DISEASE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITISR01AR046849 · MAYO CLINIC COLL OF MEDICINE, ROCHESTER · 2000 to 2004
$1.7M
Population-Based Outcomes Research for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rural Health DisparitiesR01AR084831 · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · 2025 to 2025
$746k
Temporal associations between systemic inflammation, cardiovascular risk profile and development of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in patients with rheumatoid arthritisK24AG078179 · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · 2025 to 2025
$190k
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR046849NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR084831NIAMS NIH HHS R56 AR046849NIA NIH HHS K24 AG078179NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068192NIA NIH HHS R21 AG058738NIA NIH HHS R33 AG058738
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSeveral studies have reported an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). We examined the role of RA flares on the risk of AD/ADRD.

methodThis population-based study was conducted on an inception cohort of RA patients aged ≥ 50 years, who were residents of Minnesota, USA (1988-2014). RA-related flare/remission status was ascertained via medical record review. In definition 1, flares were considered to start on the day of documentation and resolve halfway to the next visit. In definition 2, 'acute flares' were defined as lasting for 6 weeks. Incident dementia was defined by the presence of two ICD-9/10 codes for AD/ADRD ≥ 30 days apart. Cox models were used to assess the association of RA flares with AD/ADRD.

resultsWe included 774 patients with RA. During a median follow-up of 7.8 years, 79 patients (10%) developed AD/ADRD. During a total of 12 437 medical visits, patients were flaring at 3407 visits (27.4%) and in remission at 2900 visits (23.3%). Using definition 1, we found no significant evidence of a higher risk of incident AD/ADRD when in RA flare versus remission [hazard ratio (HR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-1.96]. Using definition 2, patients with RA flare had an estimated 1.8-fold increased risk of AD/ADRD (HR 1.82, 95% CI 0.82-4.06) versus remission, which was not statistically significant.

conclusionWe found that RA flares are common. A detrimental effect of active flares on cognitive status cannot be excluded.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseArthritis, RheumatoidDementiaSymptom Flare UpAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedMinnesotaRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID40458065
PMCPMC12353650

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.