Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40458758›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025

The cardioprotective effect of whey protein against thioacetamide-induced toxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in male albino rats.

Zakiah Nasser Almohawes, Hanan A Okail, Wafa A Al-Megrin, Manal F El-Khadragy, Mona A Ibrahim, Ayah S Fathalla, Doaa Soliman, Sherif R Mohamed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Frontiers in nutrition · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zakiah Nasser AlmohawesDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hanan A OkailDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
Wafa A Al-MegrinDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Manal F El-KhadragyDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mona A IbrahimDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ayah S FathallaDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Doaa SolimanDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sherif R MohamedDepartment of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Thioacetamide (TAA) is widely used as an experimental drug in liver disease studies and has been shown to exert toxicity across multiple organs. It has been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and epigenetic modifications. Whey protein (WP) provides an abundant supply of essential and non-essential amino acids that are vital for the human body. It is highly valued for its nutritional and biological properties, benefiting the immune, digestive, cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrine systems. This research sought to evaluate the possible protective effects of WP against TAA-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, emphasizing its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Methods: A total of forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups, with each group containing ten rats: the control group, the TAA-treated group (100 mg/kg body weight), the WP-treated group (300 mg/kg body weight), and the WP + TAA group. The treatments were administered for three consecutive weeks. Results: The findings revealed that TAA exposure significantly reduced cardiac tissue activities of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase while markedly increasing malondialdehyde and nitric oxide activities. Additionally, TAA administration led to a significant elevation in inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (Bax and Bcl-2), along with increased caspase-3 gene expression in heart tissue. Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase were also notably higher in the TAA-intoxicated group, accompanied by significant histopathological alterations, increased collagen fiber deposition, and a pronounced immunopositive reaction for TGF-β1 and NF-κB in heart tissue. However, pre-treatment with WP significantly alleviated TAA-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptotic markers in cardiac tissue. Discussion: The results indicate that WP supplementation offers protective effects and mitigates the cardiotoxicity triggered by TAA.

Indexed as

cardiotoxicityhistopathologyoxidative stressthioacetamidewhey proteins

Identifiers

PMID40458758
PMCPMC12127417

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.