ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2025
Visualization of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus in FFPE Skin Sections Using NanoSuit-CLEM: Ultrastructural Evidence of Viral Spread via Skin Barrier Disruption.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a novel prognostic assessment tool for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- A novel method of correlative light and electron microscopy in cryosectioning of bovine anterior pituitary tissue using NanoSuit CLEM.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMolluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral skin infection caused by members of the Poxviridae family. It primarily affects children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. Although MC spreads through direct contact and auto-inoculation, the precise mechanisms by which the virus penetrates the skin barrier remain poorly understood.
methodsWe applied NanoSuit-correlative light and electron microscopy (NanoSuit-CLEM) to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) skin sections to visualize MC virus particles in situ with high resolution. Melan-A immunohistochemistry using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) with osmium staining was performed to identify Henderson-Patterson bodies.
resultsUltrastructural analysis revealed that MC virus particles were densely localized in the stratum corneum but did not invade deeper epithelial layers in intact skin. However, in areas of epidermal disruption, such as detached or damaged stratum corneum, the virus was observed penetrating into lower layers. While Melan-A immunostaining successfully detected Henderson-Patterson bodies, it failed to identify mature MC virus particles. In contrast, NanoSuit-CLEM combined with Mayer's hematoxylin and lead staining enabled detailed visualization of mature viral particles and their distribution within the stratum corneum.
conclusionsThese findings provide direct ultrastructural evidence that MC virus entry occurs through compromised skin, underscoring the crucial role of the stratum corneum in barrier function. This study highlights the importance of preventing mechanical skin injury, such as scratching or shaving, to limit MC transmission. NanoSuit-CLEM offers a powerful new tool for studying viral pathogenesis in archival tissue samples.
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