Evidence mapPaperPMID 40460426Full record

ArticleJMIR formative research2025

Detection of Depressive Symptoms in College Students Using Multimodal Passive Sensing Data and Light Gradient Boosting Machine: Longitudinal Pilot Study.

Jessica L Borelli, Yuning Wang, Frances Haofei Li, Lyric N Russo, Marta Tironi, Ken Yamashita, Elayne Zhou, Jocelyn Lai, Brenda Nguyen, Iman Azimi and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR formative research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Smart Ring in Clinical Medicine: A Systematic Review.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jessica L BorelliDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8471-6732
Yuning WangDepartment of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-7351-6866
Frances Haofei LiDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2612-6336
Lyric N RussoDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3815-3622
Marta TironiDepartment of Educational Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0610-6650
Ken YamashitaDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0009-0009-0509-058X
Elayne ZhouDepartment of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9604-9404
Jocelyn LaiDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6457-3313
Brenda NguyenDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0009-0004-6480-8292
Iman AzimiDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5003-299X
Christopher MarcotullioDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0009-0000-0736-5166
Sina LabbafDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9478-2546
Salar JafarlouDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9706-0901
Nikil DuttDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-3060-8119
Amir RahmaniDepartment of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0725-1155

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDepression is the top contributor to global disability. Early detection of depression and depressive symptoms enables timely intervention and reduces their physical and social consequences. Prevalence estimates of depression approach 30% among college students. Passive, device-based sensing further enables detection of depressive symptoms at a low burden to the individual.

objectiveWe leveraged an ensemble machine learning method (light gradient boosting machine) to detect depressive symptoms entirely through passive sensing.

methodsA diverse sample of undergraduate students (N=28; mean age 19.96, SD 1.23 y; 15/28, 54% women; 13/28, 46% Latine; 10/28, 36% Asian; 4/28, 14% non-Latine White; 11/28, 4% other) participated in an intensive longitudinal study. Participants wore 2 devices (an Oura ring for sleep and physiology data, and a Samsung smartwatch for physiology and movement data) and installed the AWARE software on their mobile devices, which collects passive sensing data such as screen time. Participants were derived from a randomized controlled trial of a positive psychology mobile health intervention. They completed a self-report measure of depressive symptoms administered weekly over a 19- to 22-week period.

resultsThe light gradient boosting machine model achieved an F

conclusionsFindings suggest that data collected from passive sensing devices may provide real-time, low-cost insight into the detection of depressive symptoms in college students and may present an opportunity for future prevention and perhaps intervention.

Indexed as

DepressionMachine LearningStudentsAdolescentAdultBoosting Machine Learning AlgorithmsFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMalePilot ProjectsUniversitiesYoung Adultcollege studentsdepressionemerging adulthoodmachine learningpassive sensing

Identifiers

PMID40460426
PMCPMC12174877

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.