ArticleScientific reports2025
Cryptic absence and genetic variation of Plasmodium falciparum PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 from isolates in Papua, Indonesia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Absence of Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 and 3 (Pfhrp2/3) Gene Deletions in Rizal, Palawan, the Philippines.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
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15 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rising prevalence of histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) gene deletions (pfhrp2-) poses a threat to the accuracy of PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). However, evidence of this deletion is scarce in Indonesia. We examined the prevalence of pfhrp2 and its paralogue histidine-rich protein 3 (PfHRP3) gene deletions (pfhrp3-) in blood samples collected from a study assessing three PfHRP2-based RDTs conducted between December 2022 and April 2023 in Timika, Papua. Out of 2157 symptomatic-patients enrolled, 566 P. falciparum mono-infection cases were included for pfhrp2/3 exon 2 genotyping. We detected nine samples (1.59%, 95% CI 0.73-3.00%) with pfhrp2-/pfhrp3-, of which eight were PfHRP2-RDTs positive. Of three pfhrp2- samples (0.53%, 95% CI 0.11-1.54%), one was PfHRP2-RDTs positive. In contrast, 201 samples (35.51%, 95% CI 31.57-39.61%) had pfhrp3-, five of which were pfhrp2 + but PfHRP2-RDT negative; however, four exhibited low parasitemia. Five PfHRP2-RDTs negative samples with pfhrp2 + /pfhrp3 + were sequenced alongside two pfhrp2 + with PfHRP2-RDTs positive samples. We found more repeat-type variations in pfhrp2 compared to pfhrp3. Seven unique repeat types in pfhrp2 and one unique repeat type in pfhrp3 amino acid sequences were characterized in single or multiple copies per sample. These results demonstrated the low prevalence of pfhrp2- 2.12% (95% CI 1.10-3.67%) suggesting PfHRP2-based RDTs remain suitable for malaria diagnosis in Timika, Papua, Indonesia.
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