ArticleBMC geriatrics2025
Hypertension and cognitive impairment among older persons in rural Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Bayesian network analysis of cognitive impairment in empty-nest older adults: the role of living environment.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHypertension is common among older adults and negatively affects cognitive function. Available data on this association is mostly from resource-rich settings and has been understudied in resource-limited settings especially rural areas where the majority of older persons live. We examined the association between hypertension and cognitive impairment in older persons in Kole, a rural district in Uganda, and examined whether sex modifies the association.
methodsWe conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among older persons aged ≥ 60 years in rural northern Uganda, using a multi-stage sampling approach. The primary exposure was hypertension measured by systolic (≥ 140 mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure (≥ 90 mmHg), or being on anti-hypertensive medication. The dichotomous outcome was cognitive impairment determined by Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores < 26. We used the modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors for the analysis, applying a 5% significance level.
resultsWe studied 420 participants and found 288 (68.6%) had hypertension while 213 (50.7%) had some cognitive impairment. The overall mean age was 68.4 ± 7.2 years, the mean systolic blood pressure was 138.1 ± 23.1 mmHg while diastolic blood pressure was 85.4 ± 11.9 mmHg, and the mean MOCA score was 17.6 ± 7.2. Hypertension was associated with cognitive impairment (adjusted prevalence risk [aPR] 1.26, 95% CI 1.01-1.57), with 4-5 people in the household (aPR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99), no smoking history (aPR 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.76), and dissatisfaction with one's health (aPR 1.68, 95% CI 1.27-2.21) and satisfaction with the ability to perform usual domestic duties (aPR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99) being associated. In a sex-stratified analysis, men with hypertension were more likely to experience cognitive impairment (aPR 2.13, 95% CI 1.33-3.40), compared to those with normal blood pressure but there was no significant association among women (aPR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96-1.24).
conclusionOlder persons with hypertension were more likely to experience cognitive impairment than those without. In a sex stratied analysis, this observation persists among men but disappears among women. Our results suggest a need to raise awareness and consider regular blood pressure measurement and control in older adults. We recommend longitudinal studies to examine temporality and suggest blood pressure interventions to prevent cognitive impairment in older age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.