Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40463188›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025

FEMA-Long: Modeling unstructured covariances for discovery of time-dependent effects in large-scale longitudinal datasets.

Pravesh Parekh, Nadine Parker, Diliana Pecheva, Evgeniia Frei, Marc Vaudel, Diana M Smith, Alison Rigby, Piotr Jahołkowski, Ida Elken Sønderby, Viktoria Birkenæs and 16 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Pravesh ParekhCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1930-1167
Nadine ParkerCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-8369-0152
Diliana PechevaCenter for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7100-3191
Evgeniia FreiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0009-0008-6405-9059
Marc VaudelMohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-1179-9578
Diana M SmithCenter for Human Development, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7484-0980
Alison RigbyNeuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2728-9310
Piotr JahołkowskiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-9408-3107
Ida Elken SønderbyCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0001-7297-7855
Viktoria BirkenæsCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-3194-1535
Nora Refsum BakkenCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-2553-452X
Chun Chieh FanCenter for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9437-2128
Carolina MakowskiDepartment of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8816-4549
Jakub KopalCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1201-2872
Robert LoughnanCenter for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4870-4501
Donald J HaglerCenter for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Dennis van der MeerCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-0466-386X
Stefan JohanssonMohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-2298-7008
Pål Rasmus NjølstadMohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-0304-6728
Terry L JerniganDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2011-9370
Wesley K ThompsonCenter for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1148-1976
Oleksandr FreiCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-6427-2625
Alexey A ShadrinCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-7467-250X
Thomas E NicholsBig Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4516-5103
Ole A AndreassenCentre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-4461-3568
Anders M DaleDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6126-2966

Funding

OTA-21-015A Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Initiative: NYU Langone Health Clinical Science Core, Data Resource Core, and PASC Biorepository CoreOT2HL161847 · NHLBI · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI GROSS, RACHEL SHARON, HORWITZ, LEORA · 2021 to 2025
$651.0M
ABCD-USA Consortium: Data Analysis, Informatics and Resource CenterU24DA041123 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE · 2015 to 2026
$51.5M
Healthy Brain and Child Development National Consortium Data Coordinating CenterU24DA055330 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ANDERS M DALE, Damien A Fair · 2021 to 2026
$34.6M
The VETSA Longitudinal MRI Twin Study of Aging (VETSA MRI 4)R01AG076838 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ANDERS M DALE, Jeremy A Elman · 2022 to 2026
$8.7M
Towards an etiological model of adolescent eating disorders through neuroimaging, genetics, and behaviorR00MH132886 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Carolina Makowski · 2025 to 2026
$496k
Genetic influence on behavior, brain development, and substance use in two large, longitudinal adolescent cohortsF30DA057078 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Diana Mun Yee Smith · 2023 to 2026
$201k
NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL161847NIA NIH HHS R01 AG076838NIDA NIH HHS F30 DA057078NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA041123NIDA NIH HHS U24 DA055330NIMH NIH HHS R00 MH132886
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Linear mixed-effects (LME) models are commonly used for analyzing longitudinal data. However, most applications of LME models rely on random intercepts or simple, e.g., stationary, covariance. Here, we extend the Fast and Efficient Mixed-Effects Algorithm (FEMA) and present FEMA-Long, a computationally tractable approach to flexibly modeling longitudinal covariance suitable for high-dimensional data. FEMA-Long can i) model unstructured covariance, ii) model non-linear fixed effects using splines, iii) discover time-dependent fixed effects with spline interactions, and iv) perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) supporting discovery of time-dependent genetic effects. We applied FEMA-Long to perform a longitudinal GWAS with non-linear SNP-by-time interaction on length, weight, and body mass index of 68,273 infants with up to six measurements in the first year of life. We found dynamic patterns of random effects including time-varying heritability and correlations, as well as several genetic variants showing time-dependent effects, highlighting the applicability of FEMA-Long to enable novel discoveries.

Identifiers

PMID40463188
PMCPMC12132322

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.