SynthesisJournal of Crohn's & colitis2025
Gene-Environment Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Human Epidemiologic Studies.
Synthesis in Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modified Crohn's Disease Exclusion Diet and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) resolve oral dysbiosis in pediatric Crohn's disease: a prospective cohort study.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2026Trial
- Impact of 5-aminosalicylic acid intolerance on progression to difficult-to-treat ulcerative colitis: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Review
- Current approaches to disease severity and therapy effectiveness assessment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Observational
- Tumor Suppressor CADM1 Protects Against Colitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Enhancing Epithelial Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond the baseline: mapping the context-specific regulatory landscape of disease.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2026Review
- Genetic Association Study ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mapping the Analytical Landscape of Gene-Diet Interactions in Epidemiology: From Classical Models to Causal and Multi-Omics Frameworks.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Bromodomain-containing protein 4 in inflammatory diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Evidence of Sustained Taurine Deficiency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inflammatory bowel diseases: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2-independent colonization by Turicimonas muris induced by high-fat diet protects against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Environment shapes gut microbiome and determines susceptibility to DSS-colitis inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrative single-cell transcriptomics and mendelian randomization identifies BTN3A2 as a shared protective factor in Behçet's disease and inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bioavailable testosterone reduces the risk of lung squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive data study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of 40 kDa PEGylated Adrenomedullin in a DSS-Induced Colitis Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsComplex gene-environment interaction (GXE) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains elusive. This systematic review aims to summarize the current evidence of GXE in IBD.
methodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception through April 30, 2024, to identify publications examining the interaction effect of genetic variants and environmental factors in IBD. All eligible studies were graded using STREGA guideline.
resultsFour thousand eight hundred thirty-three publications were identified and screened, resulting in 39 eligible studies, and 17 studies reported statistically significant interactions. NOD2-smoking interaction was most frequently investigated and showed variant-specific effect at rs2066847 regarding the risk of Crohn's disease. Gene-smoking interactions were further identified in other IBD risk genes (ATG16L1, IL23R, and CALM3), detoxification genes (GSTP1 and HMOX1), smoking-associated genes (CHRNA3, CHRNA5, PPP1R3C, and BDNF), and the inflammatory cytokine (IL1B) through a candidate gene approach. Immunochip-wide interaction analyses yielded 64 smoking interacting variants. Gene-diet interactions were observed across multiple nutritional measures, including fatty acid intake with CYP4F3 and FADS2, serum selenium with SEPHS1 and SEPSECS, potassium intake with IL21, alcohol consumption with IL12B, heme iron intake with FCGR2A, and serum vitamin D with VDR.
conclusionsCurrent evidence indicated that the IBD risk conferred by environmental factors can vary among the individuals carrying certain genetic variants. Further efforts, including genome wide environment interaction studies and genotype-based nutrition/lifestyle clinical trials, are needed to unravel the missing heritability influenced by environmental exposures and to construct personalized recommendations of lifestyle/dietary modification based on an individual genetic background.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.