Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40464681›Full record

ArticleJournal of cellular and molecular medicine2025

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Induces Gastric Fundus Contraction Involving Cholinergic Excitation: Morphofunctional Evidence in Rodent Models.

Rachele Garella, Francesco Palmieri, Livio Tarchi, Alessia Tani, Flaminia Chellini, Giulia Guarnieri, Annamaria Morelli, Caterina Bernacchioni, Paolo Rovero, Valdo Ricca and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. GDF15 Is Elevated in Eating Disorders and Is Involved in the Gut-Brain Axis via Ghrelin.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Rachele GarellaDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Francesco PalmieriDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Livio TarchiDepartment of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Alessia TaniDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Flaminia ChelliniDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giulia GuarnieriDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Annamaria MorelliDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Caterina BernacchioniDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Paolo RoveroInterdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology (Peptlab), Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NeuroFarBa), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Valdo RiccaDepartment of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Giovanni CastelliniDepartment of Health Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Chiara SassoliDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, Imaging Platform, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1337-0938
Roberta SqueccoDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6534-3675

Funding

Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito n°58513_ CHIARASASSOLIRICATEN24Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito n°58513_ FLAMINIACHELLINIRICATEN24Ministero dell'Istruzione e del Merito n°58513_ROBERTASQUECCORICATEN24
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) is a peptide from the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily, typically found at low levels in mammalian tissues, but significantly upregulated during cellular stress or injury. Initially recognised for its role in inducing anorexia and vomiting, GDF15 is now seen as a broader regulator of homeostasis, although its effects on gastrointestinal function remain unclear. This study examined GDF15's impact on the gastric fundus, a key region for appetite regulation. In ex vivo rodent gastric smooth muscle, GDF15 receptors were detected, and exposure to GDF15 caused smooth muscle depolarization, leading to increased mechanical activation. Morphological analyses revealed changes in the contractile apparatus, resembling cholinergic excitatory pathways. These effects were blocked by atropine, indicating muscarinic receptor involvement. Taken together, these findings suggest that GDF15 enhances gastric contractility by influencing cholinergic tone. Further studies will shed light on its mechanism of action and on the potential translational perspective of current results, elucidating whether elevated plasma levels of GDF15 observed in several physiological and pathological conditions can also have repercussions in gastric physiology, appetite regulation and weight loss.

Indexed as

Gastric FundusGrowth Differentiation Factor 15Muscle ContractionAnimalsAtropineMaleMuscle, SmoothRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyAtropineGrowth Differentiation Factor 15GFRALmacrophage inhibitory cytokine 1nauseaRETsatietysignalling peptidessmooth muscle

Identifiers

PMID40464681
PMCPMC12135347

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.