Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40465108›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2025

Evaluating the Impact of Age and Comorbidities on COVID-19 Outcomes and Healthcare Costs: A Comparative Analysis of Immunocompromised and General Populations in the United States (EON-US).

Corey Fang, Casey Dobie, Amita Ketkar, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez, George Fadda, Claire Bocage, Chia Chen Jenny Teng, Raven Perez, Mark Brunk-Grady, Lisa Glasser and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Corey FangAstraZeneca, Biopharmaceuticals Medical, Wilmington, DE, USA. corey.fang@astrazeneca.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9944-8626
Casey DobieCencora Inc., Conshohocken, PA, USA.
Amita KetkarCarelon Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Monica Verduzco-GutierrezUT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
George FaddaBalboa Nephrology Medical Group, San Diego, CA, USA.
Claire BocageCarelon Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Chia Chen Jenny TengCarelon Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Raven PerezCarelon Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Mark Brunk-GradyCarelon Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.
Lisa GlasserAstraZeneca, Biopharmaceuticals Medical, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Christine DubeAstraZeneca, Biopharmaceuticals Medical, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Nadine BreslinAstraZeneca, Biopharmaceuticals Medical, Wilmington, DE, USA.
Vincent WilleyCarelon Research, Inc., Wilmington, DE, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) ended in May 2023, but limited information exists on the continued risk of severe COVID-19 among the immunocompromised (IC) population and those with certain chronic medical conditions (CMCs). This study aimed to assess the risk of moderate/severe COVID-19 and compare associated healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs for IC vs. general populations, with a focus on increasing age and CMC burden in the IC population.

methodsThis retrospective observational cohort study analyzed claims from the Healthcare Integrated Research Database (HIRD

resultsThe IC cohort (N = 8025) was older and had a higher comorbidity burden than the general population (N = 458,163), which was balanced after matching (N = 7410 each). The IC cohort had a significantly higher rate of severe COVID-19 vs. the general population (9.5% vs. 1.1%; p < 0.001), but there was no difference after matching (8.9% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.772). Older age and increasing number of CMCs led to a significantly higher proportion of severe COVID-19. Compared to the general population, the IC cohort had significantly higher inpatient all-cause and COVID-19-related HCRU and costs, except within the matched analysis where COVID-19-related hospitalizations were not significantly different between the groups.

conclusionsSevere COVID-19 continued to disproportionately affect IC individuals after the PHE was lifted. Additionally, our matched results identified a subset of the general population with high baseline comorbidity burden and risk similar to the matched IC cohort for severe COVID-19.

Indexed as

Chronic medical conditionsCOVID-19Immunocompromise

Identifiers

PMID40465108
PMCPMC12151973

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.