Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40465146›Full record

ReviewDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2025

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Among People with and without Diabetes Mellitus and Sleep Apnoea.

Evanthia Gouveri, Fotios Drakopanagiotakis, Theodoros Panou, Dimitrios Papazoglou, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Nikolaos Papanas

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Evanthia GouveriDiabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Fotios DrakopanagiotakisDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Theodoros PanouDiabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Dimitrios PapazoglouDiabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Paschalis SteiropoulosDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
Nikolaos PapanasDiabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece. papanasnikos@yahoo.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7320-785X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The association of sleep apnoea with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well studied. However, little is known on the impact of sleep apnoea on glycaemic variability (GV). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems shed light on GV not only during sleep but throughout the day among people with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In this narrative review, we aimed to summarise the evidence on the role of CGM in assessing GV among individuals with sleep apnoea. Articles related to CGM use among individuals with OSAS were included. Emerging data suggests a significant impact of OSAS on glucose metabolism during sleep and wakefulness. Of note, OSAS affects GV irrespective of glycaemic status. Moreover, the severity of OSAS has been associated with increased GV. As GV triggers oxidative stress, it contributes to adverse outcomes in people with diabetes and/or OSAS. Interestingly, a beneficial effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on blood glucose and on GV in individuals with both T2DM and OSAS has emerged, but evidence is conflicting. Additionally, among pregnant women with gestational diabetes and sleep-disordered breathing, CGM could detect nocturnal hyperglycaemic episodes, improving glycaemic control and perinatal outcomes. Future studies are needed to investigate the exact impact of OSAS treatment on GV.

Indexed as

Continuous glucose monitoringContinuous positive airway pressureDiabetes mellitusGlycaemic variabilitySleep apnoea syndromeSleep disordered breathing

Identifiers

PMID40465146
PMCPMC12317927

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.