Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40467335›Full record

ArticleRenal failure2025

Malnutrition-inflammation-fluid overload complex syndrome and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Rongrong Tian, Liyang Chang, Linghong Cheng, Ruchun Yang, Hongmei Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rongrong TianDepartment of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Liyang ChangDepartment of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Linghong ChengDepartment of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Ruchun YangNephrology Laboratory, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Hongmei ZhangDepartment of Nephrology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMalnutrition, inflammation, and fluid overload can reinforce each other, forming a detrimental syndrome in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). However, this syndrome remains insufficiently recognized. This study aims to explore the relationship between the malnutrition-inflammation-fluid overload complex syndrome (MIFCS) and all-cause death.

methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted. Malnutrition, inflammation, and fluid status were evaluated over a 4-month period, while all-cause mortality data were collected during a 7-year follow-up. Fluid status was evaluated using the extracellular water/total body water ratio (ECW/TBW), determined through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Nutritional status was assessed

resultsA total of 218 patients were included. The simultaneous presence of malnutrition, inflammation, and fluid overload (FO) was linked to the highest mortality risk (HR, 8.908; 95%CI, 2.986-26.575). A nomogram score based on MIFCS was developed to estimate survival probability at 3, 5, and 7 years. An increase in the nomogram score was progressively linked to an elevated mortality risk, with a hazard ratio of 1.399 (95%CI: 1.298-1.508,

conclusionsMIFCS was significantly associated with an elevated mortality risk in HD patients. A comprehensive assessment of malnutrition, inflammation, and FO is essential for accurate prognostic assessment and risk stratification.

Indexed as

InflammationKidney Failure, ChronicMalnutritionPeritoneal DialysisRenal DialysisWater-Electrolyte ImbalanceAgedC-Reactive ProteinElectric ImpedanceFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNomogramsNutritional StatusProportional Hazards ModelsC-Reactive ProteinExtracellular water/total body water ratiohemodialysishigh-sensitivity C-reactive proteinmodified creatinine indexprognosis

Identifiers

PMID40467335
PMCPMC12138935

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.