Evidence mapPaperPMID 40474205Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2025

Case-control study combined with machine learning techniques to identify key genetic variations in GSK3B that affect susceptibility to diabetic kidney diseases.

Jinfang Song, Yi Xu, Liu Xu, Tingting Yang, Ya Chen, Changjiang Ying, Qian Lu, Tao Wang, Xiaoxing Yin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. iScience · 2026
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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jinfang Song *Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, China.
Yi Xu *Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China.
Liu XuJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, China.
Tingting YangJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, China.
Ya ChenDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
Changjiang YingDepartment of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
Qian LuJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, China.
Tao WangJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, China. 9862022071@jiangnan.edu.cn.
Xiaoxing YinJiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, China. xiaoxing_yin@163.com.

Funding

Jiangsu Research Hospital Association for Precision Medication (grant no.: JY202011Jiangsu Research Hospital Association for Precision Medication JY202011National Natural Science Foundation of China 82204536Top Talent Support Program for Young and Middle-aged People of Wuxi Health Committee HB2023064
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The role of genetic susceptibility in early warning and precise treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) requires further investigation. A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the predictive effect of GSK3B genetic polymorphisms on the susceptibility to DKD, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis and laboratory rationale for the prediction of the risk of developing DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The GSK3B genotyping was performed by SNaPshot method based on Genotype-Tissue Expression database and thousand genomes database to screen tag SNPs. The polymorphisms of GSK3B tag SNPs were statistically analyzed for their effects on DKD susceptibility and clinical indicators. Urinary exosomes from DKD patients were extracted, protein expression levels of GSK3β were detected by ELISA kits, and kinase activity of GSK3β was quantified by kinase activity spectrometry to evaluate the correlation between the gene polymorphisms of GSK3B and the expression levels and activities of GSK3β. A machine learning model was constructed for assessing the efficacy of GSK3B polymorphisms in predicting the risk of developing DKD in patients with T2DM. A total of 800 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the case-control study, including 200 healthy control subjects, 300 patients with T2DM and 300 patients with DKD. Genetic analysis identified five tag SNPs (rs60393216, rs3732361, rs2199503, rs1488766, and rs59669360) associated with the susceptibility to DKD. The protein level and activity of GSK3β were significantly elevated in DKD patients. On the other hand, the expression levels and kinase activity of GSK3β in exosomes differed significantly between patients with different genotypes of the GSK3B, suggesting that the effect of GSK3B gene polymorphisms on GSK3β expression and activity may be an important mechanism leading to individual differences in susceptibility to DKD. XG Boost algorithm model identified rs60393216 and rs1488766 as important biomarkers for clinical early warning of DKD.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaMachine LearningPolymorphism, Single NucleotideAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesFemaleGenotypeHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3 betaGSK3B protein, human

Identifiers

PMID40474205
PMCPMC12139228

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.