Evidence mapPaperPMID 40474679Full record

ArticleACS applied bio materials2025

Influence of Cholesterol on the Insertion and Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins with Lipid Membranes.

Priscila S Ferreira, Barbara B Gerbelli, Jorge Cantero, Federico Iribarne, Ana C H de Castro-Kochi, Leandro T Kochi, Fabiola L Castro, Wendel A Alves

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Article in ACS applied bio materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Priscila S FerreiraCenter for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.
Barbara B GerbelliCenter for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-9300-8463
Jorge CanteroTheoretical Chemical Physics and Biology Group, Mathematics-DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UdelaR, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
Federico IribarneTheoretical Chemical Physics and Biology Group, Mathematics-DETEMA Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UdelaR, General Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
Ana C H de Castro-KochiCenter for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.
Leandro T KochiCenter for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.
Fabiola L CastroCenter for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.
Wendel A AlvesCenter for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8394-2751

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholesterol is an essential sterol in cell membranes that regulates organization and fluidity. This biomolecule has been identified as one of the critical factors in the internalization process of various viruses in human cells. Therefore, understanding these mechanisms is crucial for a deeper comprehension of viral pathogenicity in the search for practical therapeutic approaches against viral diseases. The biochemical and biophysical processes related to these diseases are highly complex. For this reason, studying model systems capable of mimicking the interaction of lipid membranes with cholesterol and proteins is fundamental. In this work, we propose to study the structural and elastic changes in mono-, bi-, and tridimensional lipid systems composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (PC) with varying amounts of cholesterol in the presence and absence of the S protein (Spike) and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2. To characterize these systems, we used both experimental and theoretical approaches such as Langmuir trough, atomic force microscopy (AFM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), electrochemical methods, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. With the interpretation of all results obtained in this work, it was possible to propose a structural model of the membrane in the presence of cholesterol and the interaction with the Spike protein and RBD. The behavior of the adsorption isotherm and SAXS data, together with the results provided by MD simulations, led us to conclude that cholesterol in PC monolayers promotes local alterations, inducing the formation of more rigid membrane regions. More importantly, cholesterol plays a crucial role in facilitating the allocation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in lipid systems. This is especially true for the Spike protein, which displayed a non-ACE2 mediated stable binding to the lipid membrane with high internalization.

Indexed as

CholesterolMembrane LipidsSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus1,2-DipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineCOVID-19HumansLipid BilayersMicroscopy, Atomic ForceMolecular Dynamics SimulationProtein BindingScattering, Small Angle1,2-DipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineCholesterolLipid BilayersMembrane LipidsSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2atomic force microscopycholesterol dynamicsdipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineLangmuir monolayerlipid membranesmolecular dynamics simulationsSARS-CoV-2small angle X-ray scattering

Identifiers

PMID40474679
PMCPMC12175161

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.