Evidence mapPaperPMID 40474699Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes2025

Disease Progression Modeling of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): A Pharmacometrics Approach.

Sohail Aziz, Sabariah Noor Harun, Siti Maisharah Sheikh Ghadzi

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sohail AzizSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-4977
Sabariah Noor HarunSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
Siti Maisharah Sheikh GhadziSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.

Funding

Universiti Sains Malaysia R502-KR-ARU004-0000000092-K134
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEstimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a key clinical marker for assessing kidney complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to develop and validate a disease progression model of eGFR in Malaysian T2DM patients, with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN).

methodsRetrospective data from 251 patients (3241 observations) were analyzed using NONMEM software. Baseline eGFR was assessed without covariates, and both linear and non-linear models were tested. Model selection was based on the likelihood ratio test (5% significance level), objective function value (OFV), visual predictive check (VPC), relative standard error, and scientific plausibility. External validation was performed using data from 109 patients.

resultsA linear model best described disease progression, with a baseline eGFR of 84.6 mL/min/1.73 m

conclusionGlycaemic control and CVD significantly impact eGFR decline. ARBs, statins, and metformin help preserve kidney function. Effective glycaemic management is crucial in slowing kidney deterioration, especially in T2DM patients at risk for DN.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic NephropathiesGlomerular Filtration RateAgedAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsHypoglycemic Agentsdisease progressioneGFRhuman healthpharmacometricsT2DM

Identifiers

PMID40474699
PMCPMC12141788

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.