Evidence mapPaperPMID 40475118Full record

ArticleFrontiers in global women's health2025

Relationship between the perception of disrespectful treatment and abuse during childbirth and the risk of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: a PPQ-based study.

Inmaculada Ortiz-Esquinas, Ana Rubio-Álvarez, Ana Ballesta-Castillejos, Julián Rodríguez-Almagro, Juan Miguel Martínez-Galiano, Antonio Hernández-Martínez

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Article in Frontiers in global women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Inmaculada Ortiz-EsquinasDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Ana Rubio-ÁlvarezDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrejón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Ana Ballesta-CastillejosDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Julián Rodríguez-AlmagroDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Juan Miguel Martínez-GalianoDepartment of Nursing of University of Jaen, Jaén, Spain.
Antonio Hernández-MartínezDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Problem: Childbirth is often portrayed as a positive and empowering experience, yet for many women, it can result in negative emotional outcomes, which may contribute to the development of postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Understanding the association between perceived abuse during childbirth and PTSD is crucial for improving maternal care. Background: Research shows that disrespectful and abusive treatment during childbirth is linked to psychological distress and PTSD. However, the correlation between perceived abuse and PTSD in postpartum women remains underexplored. Aim: To determine the association between the woman's perception of abuse during childbirth and the risk of developing PTSD postpartum, as well as to analyze related risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 2,912 women in Spain who gave birth in the last 18 months. The Childbirth Abuse and Respect Evaluation- Maternal Questionnaire (CARE-MQ) assessed perceived abuse, while the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ) measured PTSD risk. Logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders. Findings: Higher CARE-MQ scores were positively correlated with PTSD risk, especially in the "inadequate treatment by professionals" dimension ( Discussion: Perceived mistreatment and inadequate professional care strongly correlate with PTSD risk. Conclusion: Addressing these factors-along with other identified risks-may help reduce PTSD prevalence and improve maternal care experiences.

Indexed as

abuseobstetric violencepostpartumpost-traumatic stress disorderwomen's mental health

Identifiers

PMID40475118
PMCPMC12137237

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.