ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2025
Robust inference and widespread genetic correlates from a large-scale genetic association study of human personality.
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Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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137 authors.
Ted SchwabaDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Margaret L Clapp SullivanDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Wonuola A AkingbuwaDepartment of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Kerli IlvesInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Peter T TanksleyALERRT Center, Texas State University.
Camille M WilliamsLaboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique (ENS, EHESS, CNRS), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.
Yavor DragostinovDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Wangjingyi LiaoSchool of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Lindsay S AckermanDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Josephine C M FealyDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Gibran HemaniMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Javier de la FuenteDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Priya GuptaYale University, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System.
Murray B SteinUniversity of California San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System.
Joel GelernterYale University, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System.
Daniel F LeveyYale University, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System.
Urmo VõsaInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Liisi AusmeesInstitute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Anu RealoInstitute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Estonian Biobank Research Team
Mariliis VahtInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Jüri AllikInstitute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Tõnu EskoInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
René MõttusInstitute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Uku VainikInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Gudrun A JonsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Gudmar ThorleifssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Árni Freyr GunnarssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Gyda BjornsdottirdeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Thorgeir E ThorgeirssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Hreinn StefanssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Kari StefanssondeCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Rosa CheesmanPROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Qi QinPROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Elizabeth C CorfieldMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Helga AskPROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Fartein Ask TorvikPROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Eivind YstromPROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Martin TesliDepartment of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eco J C de GeusDepartment of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Jouke-Jan HottengaDepartment of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Dener Cardoso MeloInterdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Harold SniederEpidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Catharina A HartmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Charley XiaDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Archie CampbellCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Michelle LucianoDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Ian J DearyDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
W David HillDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Seon-Kyeong JangDepartment of Computational Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles.
Scott I VriezeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Gonçalo AbecasisRegeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals.
Michelle K LuptonQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Brittany L MitchellQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Petra V ViherQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Lucía Colodro-CondeQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Nicholas G MartinQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Sarah E MedlandQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Eske M DerksQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Briar WormingtonQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Jaakko KaprioInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Karri SilventoinenPopulation Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Teemu PalviainenInstitute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Agnieszka GidzielaSchool of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Kaili RimfeldDepartment of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK.
Robert PlominSocial, Genetic, & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Margherita MalanchiniSchool of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Danielle M DickRutgers Addiction Research Center, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University.
Fazil AlievDepartment of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.
COGA Collaborators, The Spit for Science Working Group
Laura W WesseldijkDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Fredrik UllénDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Miriam A MosingDepartment of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Henry R KranzlerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Yaira NunezDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States.
Sarah BeckDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States.
Renato PolimantiDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, United States.
Tobias EdwardsDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Alexandros GiannelisDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Emily A WilloughbyDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
James J LeeDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Matt McGueDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Antonio TerraccianoDepartment of Geriatrics, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
Michele MarongiuInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.
Edoardo FiorilloInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cagliari, Italy.
Francesco CuccaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University Study of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Angelina R SutinDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee.
Peter J van der MostEpidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Albertine J OldehinkelInterdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Tina KretschmerPedagogical Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Andrey A ShabalinHuntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah.
Anna R DochertyHuntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah.
Robert F KruegerDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Colin D FreilichDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Binisha H MishraDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Olli T RaitakariDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Mika KähönenFinnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
Aino SaarinenFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Henrik DobewallFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare.
Liisa Keltikangas-JärvinenFaculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Klaus BergerInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
Marisol Herrera-RiveroInstitute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany.
Fabian StreitHector Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
Swapnil AwasthiDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Mitte Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Stephanie H WittDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Johanna TuhkanenDepartment of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Katri RäikkönenDepartment of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Johan G ErikssonDepartment of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Tukholmankatu 8 B, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Jari LahtiDepartment of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Gail DaviesLothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Paul RedmondLothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Adele TaylorLothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Janie CorleyLothian Birth Cohort Studies, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Tom C RussAlzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Marina CiulloInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy.
Teresa NutileInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy.
Jun DingTranslational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore.
Yong QianTranslational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore.
Toshiko TanakaTranslational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore.
Luigi FerrucciTranslational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore.
Lea ZillichDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Lea SirignanoDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
K Paige HardenDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Erhan GençDepartment of Psychology and Neurosciences, Neuroimaging and Interindividual Differences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Patrick D GajewskiDepartment of Ergonomics, Networking Group Aging, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Stephan GetzmannDepartment of Ergonomics, Networking Group Aging, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Christoph FraenzDepartment of Psychology and Neurosciences, Neuroimaging and Interindividual Differences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
Javier E Schneider PeñateDepartment of Psychology, Neuropsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Stefanie LisDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Alisha S M HallDepartment of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Christian SchmahlDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
Sabine C HerpertzDepartment of Psychosomatic General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Abdel AbdellaouiDepartment of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam.
Michel G NivardMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Elliot M Tucker-DrobDepartment of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Funding
Dissecting the Multivariate Genetic Architecture of Psychiatric DiseasesR01MH120219 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI NIVARD, MICHEL GUILLAUME, TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2020 to 2024
$3.3MLarge-Scale Genomic Analysis of Aging-Related Cognitive Change Prior to Dementia OnsetR01AG073593 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI TUCKER-DROB, ELLIOT MAX · 2024 to 2025
$1.3MNIA NIH HHS R01 AG073593NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120219
Abstract
Personality traits describe stable differences in how individuals think, feel, and behave and how they interact with and experience their social and physical environments. We assemble data from 46 cohorts including 611K-1.14M participants with European-like and African-like genomes for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), and data from 51K participants for within-family GWAS. We identify 1,257 lead genetic variants associated with personality, including 823 novel variants. Common genetic variants explain 4.8%-9.3% of the variance in each trait, and 10.5%-16.2% accounting for measurement unreliability. Genetic effects on personality are highly consistent across geography, reporter (self vs. close other), age group, and measurement instrument, and we find minimal spousal assortment for personality in recent history. In stark contrast to many other social and behavioral traits, within-family GWAS and polygenic index analyses indicate little to no shared environmental confounding in genetic associations with personality. Polygenic prediction, genetic correlation, and Mendelian randomization analyses indicate that personality genetics have widespread, potentially causal associations with a wide range of consequential behaviors and life outcomes. The genetic architecture of personality is robust and fundamental to being a human.
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