SynthesisBMC cancer2025
Association between antihypertensive medication use and kidney cancer risk: a meta-analysis accounting for hypertension.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEvidence that antihypertensive medication (AHTN) use is associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer (KC) is emerging. However, limited evidence is available on disentangling the effects of AHTN use on KC from hypertension, which is a risk factor for KC. We aimed to identify pooled estimates for the associations between AHTN use and KC risk, independent of hypertension.
methodsWe searched for observational studies that investigated the associations between AHTN use and KC through January 2025. To identify the independent effects of AHTN from hypertension, we conducted stratified analyses with and without accounting for hypertension: any methods (matching, adjustment, or stratification/restriction) versus none. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses with robust variance estimation to calculate pooled relative risk (RR).
resultsIn this meta-analysis consisting of 39 eligible studies, AHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC based on estimates that accounted for hypertension (RR 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.52 for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.31 for angiotensin receptor blocker; RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.16 for beta-blocker, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.75 for calcium channel blocker (CCB); RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.55 for diuretic; and RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.13-1.75 for non-classified AHTN). Findings from duration‒response relationships supported the main findings.
conclusionsAHTN use was associated with an increased risk of KC compared to no use, even after accounting for hypertension, with the highest risk observed for CCB. Our findings highlight the potential KC risks associated with different AHTN classes, with optimal cardiovascular care remaining an important consideration.
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