ArticleEndocrine2025
Growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is associated with arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function with mediation by albuminuria in the Singapore study of macroangiopathy and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetes (SMART2D) cohort.
Article in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- GDF15 as a sentinel of metabolic integrity: a narrative review of stress signaling, multisystem pathophysiology, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Insights into the role of extracellular-to-total body water ratio on neurocognitive decrements over time in Asians with type 2 diabetes.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGrowth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-reactive cytokine which is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diabetic complications. GDF-15 may induce endothelial dysfunction which is a determinant of arterial stiffness. We aimed to study the association between GDF-15 with pulse wave velocity (PWV) and endothelial function in patients with T2D, and the potential mediating role of albuminuria.
methodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 1784 patients with T2D. Baseline plasma GDF-15 was measured using multiplex immunoassay. Carotid-femoral PWV was measured using applanation method. We used laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis to measure forearm endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIV) and endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV).
resultsThe mean age of patients was 57.0 ± 10.8 years. Cross-sectionally, GDF-15 was associated with higher PWV and lower EDV at baseline. Baseline GDF-15 was also associated with higher PWV and lower EIV at follow-up with adjusted coefficients 0.33 (95%CI 0.15-0.52; p < 0.001) and -2.09 (95%CI -4.14--0.05; p = 0.045) respectively. Albuminuria mediated 29.5% and 44.9% of the association between baseline GDF-15 with follow-up PWV and EDV respectively.
conclusionBaseline GDF-15 was independently associated with higher PWV and lower EDV over time, with mediation by albuminuria in patients with T2D. GDF-15 is a potential biomarker of arterial stiffness and impaired endothelial function in T2D.
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