ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2025
Targeted delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles to simultaneously promote vascularization and muscle regeneration in ischemic limbs.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exosomes as Cellular Communicators and Therapeutic Agents in Orthopedic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Intervention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Pooled it
- Mechanisms of Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Therapeutic Approaches in Aging and Chronic Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Engineering RVG-modified exosomes for targeting TGF-β1 signaling in stroke recovery.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) leads to a high rate of limb amputation. Regenerating vasculature and skeletal muscles can save the affected limbs. Therapy using stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has emerged as a promising approach. However, the therapeutic efficacy is limited because EVs were not engineered to simultaneously possess the optimal composition of proangiogenic and promyogenic factors necessary to effectively support the survival, migration, and morphogenesis of endothelial and skeletal muscle cells under ischemic conditions. We discovered that the proangiogenic and promyogenic factors, including miR-126, miR-21, miR-296, miR-182, PDGF-BB, VEGF, bFGF, and HGF, can be concurrently upregulated in EVs derived from human iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) by enhancing either N-cadherin-mediated or RGD-mediated interactions between the cells and matrix. Notably, enhancing N-cadherin interaction was more effective in upregulating these factors. The EVs from enhanced N-cadherin interaction markedly improved survival, migration, and morphogenesis of endothelial cells and myoblasts under the CLI-like conditions. To ensure targeted delivery to ischemic limbs, these EVs were cloaked with platelet membranes modified with an ischemia-homing peptide. Following intravenous delivery in a murine model of ischemic hindlimb, the EVs fully restored blood perfusion within 28 days, and significantly promoted skeletal muscle regeneration. These results underscore the potential of EVs with simultaneously upregulated proangiogenic and promyogenic factors in effectively treating CLI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.