ArticleDrug and alcohol review2025
Relationships Between Motives for Cannabis and Cannabidiol Use in People Who Co-Use: Results From the European Web Survey on Drugs.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of oral cannabidiol supplementation on blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Pooled it
- Medicinal use of non-prescribed cannabis: a cross-sectional survey on patterns of use, motives for use, and treatment access in the Netherlands.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Medical cannabis in Israel: a comprehensive review of trends and regulations, 2011-2025.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Motives for Cannabis and Cannabidiol Use in People Who Co-Use: Results From the European Web Survey on Drugs.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCannabis is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances globally. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabis compound increasingly used for various purposes, especially among cannabis users. However, to date, there are no data on the relationships between cannabis and CBD motives. Understanding these relationships and characterising people who co-use cannabis and CBD by their motives can help adapt marketing policies and foster CBD-based harm reduction practices for people who use cannabis.
methodsWe selected cannabis users from the third wave of the European Web Survey on Drugs conducted in 21 EU and 9 non-EU countries. Using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model, we identified factors associated with CBD co-use. We computed Bonferroni-adjusted tetrachoric correlations between cannabis and CBD self-reported motives for use. We computed Spearman's correlations between the number of declared cannabis and CBD motives. We performed an ascending hierarchical classification to identify cannabis-CBD co-user profiles based on their cannabis and CBD motives.
resultsThe study sample comprised 35,789 participants (42.3% who co-used CBD). CBD use was associated with reporting cannabis therapeutic-oriented motives. The numbers of motives for cannabis and CBD use were correlated (ρ = 0.49, p < 0.001). Similar motives were highly correlated between substances. Cluster analysis revealed four different co-user profiles. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsIndividuals who use both cannabis and CBD tend to do so for similar reasons. Considering the safe profile of CBD, further research should explore the potential harm-reduction role of partially substituting tetrahydrocannabinol-based products with CBD-based products among people who use cannabis.
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