Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40486524›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025

Nonlinearity and sex differences in the performance of a polygenic risk score for juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Kristine Løkås Haftorn, Hamid Khoshfekr Rudsari, Piotr Pawel Jaholkowski, Vilde Øverlien Dåstøl, Sigrid Valen Hestetun, Ole A Andreassen, Clarice R Weinberg, Helga Sanner

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Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Sex as a modifier of genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025
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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kristine Løkås Haftorn *Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Hamid Khoshfekr Rudsari *Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Piotr Pawel JaholkowskiCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Vilde Øverlien DåstølDepartment of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Sigrid Valen HestetunDepartment of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Ole A AndreassenCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Clarice R WeinbergBiostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Helga SannerCenter for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an immune-mediated pediatric disease believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have enabled calculation of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for JIA. Understanding how the PRS associates with JIA and whether it performs similarly across sexes is essential for its utility in future studies. Methods: We studied the relationship between a PRS developed from a previously published genome-wide association study of JIA and JIA in children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa; total n = 57,630; JIA cases = 238). Generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized additive models (GAM) were used in logistic regression to assess the association. Furthermore, we investigated whether the relationship between PRS and JIA differed by sex by applying GAM models with interaction terms. Results: PRS was significantly associated with JIA using both GLM (p< 2e-16) and GAM (p< 2e-16) models, and our results indicated a nonlinear relationship between PRS and JIA (effective degrees of freedom, EDF = 1.96). We found a significant interaction between sex and JIA PRS in relation to JIA (p = 0.017), and indications of a stronger and more logit-nonlinear relationship in females (EDF = 1.82) versus males (EDF = 1.06). Conclusion: The relationship between PRS and JIA was slightly logit-nonlinear for females and logit-linear for males. The PRS for JIA can likely be used either as a continuous or discrete variable in analyses, but sex-stratification is recommended for future studies.

Indexed as

Arthritis, JuvenileGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseMultifactorial InheritanceAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGenetic Risk ScoreGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleNorwayPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsSex CharacteristicsSex Factorsgene-sex interactionjuvenile idiopathic arthritisnonlinearitypolygenic risk scoresex differences

Identifiers

PMID40486524
PMCPMC12142061

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