ReviewCurrent developments in nutrition2025
Nutrient Intake Adequacy among Adults in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in Current developments in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Under- or overconsumption of nutrients significantly increases the likelihood of future health impairments. However, comprehensive studies that systematically analyzed nutrient intake, especially among adults, are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored studies reporting macro- and micronutrient intake among adults aged ≥18 y in Indonesia and Malaysia (PROSPERO: CRD42023464054). In total, 4501 studies were retrieved from 4 databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane) and searched manually from January 1980 to December 2023. Nutrient adequacy was determined by calculating the percentage of Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)/Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), Estimated Average Recommendation (EAR), and Standardized Mean Differences (SMDs) for several nutrients. The systematic review of 82 studies revealed variations in energy and macronutrient intake among Indonesian and Malaysian adults. The meta-analysis showed that protein intake among Malaysians exceeded the recommendation [SMD: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.684] but was insufficient among Indonesians (SMD: -0.86 (95% CI: -2.11, 0.39). Twenty-six studies reported insufficient fiber intake (10.7%-72.7% RDA/RNI) in both countries. Fat-soluble vitamin intake, except for vitamin A, was lower than 100% EAR. Meanwhile, a wide range of water-soluble vitamin intake was observed (13%-838% EAR). Calcium intake was reported as insufficient in 18 studies (
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