SynthesisWorld journal of surgical oncology2025
PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as the first line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer: a pooled analysis of KEYNOTE-966 and TOPAZ-1 trails.
Synthesis in World journal of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Checkpoint inhibition in advanced biliary tract cancer: progress, limitations, and the search for biomarker-driven strategies.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy (PIC) as a first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) remains controversial, given inconsistent findings regarding survival benefits and safety concerns. This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the safety and efficacy of PIC versus chemotherapy alone, aiming to provide more definitive guidance for BTC treatment decisions.
methodsTo identify phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PIC with chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced BTC, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across six databases. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), while secondary outcomes included response rates and adverse events (AEs).
resultsTwo phase 3 RCTs (KEYNOTE-966 and TOPAZ-1) involving 1,754 patients met the inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrated that the PIC group had significantly improved OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.76 [0.66, 0.87]) and PFS (HR: 0.76 [0.66, 0.87]). The mOS (MD: 1.70 [1.51, 1.90] months) and mPFS (MD: 1.20 [0.61, 1.79] months) were also higher in the PIC group. OS and PFS advantages for the PIC group were confirmed across most subgroups. In the first two years of treatment, survival rates (OS and PFS) and extended duration of response in the PIC group increased over time. Both groups showed comparable total AEs, treatment-related AEs, ORR, and DCR. However, the PIC group had significantly higher rates of immune-related AEs (irAEs) and grade 3-5 irAEs.
conclusionsPIC is associated with improved OS and PFS in advanced BTC compared to chemotherapy alone, though the elevated risk of irAEs calls for careful monitoring.
trial registrationPROSPERO ID: CRD42024611835. PROSPERO link: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024611835 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.