Evidence mapPaperPMID 40498397Full record

ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2025

Sex Differences in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Joshua M Bock, Vinyas Shraffi Venkatesh, Virend K Somers

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Joshua M BockDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA. bock.joshua@mayo.edu.
Vinyas Shraffi VenkateshDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA.
Virend K SomersDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55901, USA.

Funding

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE MECHANISMS IN SLEEP APNEAR01HL065176 · MAYO CLINIC COLL OF MEDICINE, ROCHESTER · 1999 to 2005
$1.6M
Disrupted Sleep in Somali Americans – Implications for Hypertension RiskR01HL160619 · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · 2025 to 2025
$770k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL065176NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL160619NIAMS NIH HHS K12 AR084222NIH HHS HL160619NIH HHS K12 AR084222
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis review outlines obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and highlights emerging data suggestive of sex differences. RECENT

findingsFemales with OSA have greater hypertension risk, higher carotid intima-media thickness, elevated cardiac enzymes, and worse outcomes following ischemic cardiovascular events relative to males with OSA. Mechanistically, this parallels sex differences in nocturnal hypoxemia, immune cell activity, inflammation, and endothelial function which frequently coincide with low estrogen levels. OSA-associated ASCVD risk appears more pronounced in females than males. This could be attributable to sex differences in the etiology of OSA and resultant activation of pathophysiological mechanisms. However, more data are required to differentiate causality from epiphenomena and develop individualized therapies to mitigate ASCVD in patients with OSA.

Indexed as

AtherosclerosisCardiovascular DiseasesSleep Apnea, ObstructiveFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleRisk FactorsSex FactorsHypoxiaInflammationSex differencesSleep apnea

Identifiers

PMID40498397
PMCPMC12320249

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.