Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40498398›Full record

ArticleGeroScience2026

The compensatory effect of education as revealed by resting-state electroencephalographic alpha rhythms in patients with dementia due to Parkinson's disease: findings from an exploratory study.

Susanna Lopez, Claudio Del Percio, Roberta Lizio, Giuseppe Noce, Dharmendra Jakhar, Andrea Soricelli, Marco Salvatore, Bahar Güntekin, Görsev Yener, Federico Massa and 28 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors.

Susanna LopezDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Claudio Del PercioDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Roberta LizioDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe NoceIRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy.
Dharmendra JakharDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Andrea SoricelliIRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy.
Marco SalvatoreIRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy.
Bahar GüntekinDepartment of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Görsev YenerFaculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Turkey.
Federico MassaDipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DiNOGMI), Università Di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Dario ArnaldiDipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DiNOGMI), Università Di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Francesco FamàDipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DiNOGMI), Università Di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Matteo PardiniDipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DiNOGMI), Università Di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Raffaele FerriOasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
Filippo CarducciDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Bartolo LanuzzaOasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.
Fabrizio StocchiIRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Laura VaccaIRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Chiara ColettiIRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Moira MarizzoniBiological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
John-Paul TaylorTranslational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Lutfu HanoğluDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Nesrin Helvacı YılmazParkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center (PARMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
İlayda KıyıHealth Sciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
Yağmur Özbek-İşbitirenHealth Sciences Institute, Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
Anita D'AnselmoDepartment of Aging Medicine and Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Laura BonanniDepartment of Aging Medicine and Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Roberta BiundoParkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN RND), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Fabrizia D'AntonioDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe BrunoDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Angelo AntoniniParkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN RND), Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Franco GiubileiDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sofia CuocoDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
Paolo BaroneDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
Giovanni B FrisoniLaboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Rossella RotondoHospital San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, FR, Italy.
Francesca De PandisTelematic University San Raffaele Rome, Rome, Italy.
Claudio BabiloniDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. Le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. claudio.babiloni@uniroma1.it.

Funding

HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme GAP-101058516Ministero della Salute PNRR-MAD-2022-12376415Ministero della Salute Ricerca Corrente 2022-2023Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca 2010SH7H3FMinistero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca Call PON "Green-digital"Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca PE00000006 "PNRR MUR - M4C2 - MNESYSMinistero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca PNRR-MAD-2022-12376415Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca Progetto ECS 0000024 Rome TechnopoleRegione Lazio TELEMAIASapienza Università di Roma BE FOR ERC 2023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Here, we investigated whether educational attainment influences the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying vigilance regulation, as reflected in resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms, in patients with dementia due to Parkinson's (PDD) and Lewy body disease (DLB). Clinical, demographic, and rsEEG data were obtained from an international database, including PDD patients (N = 75), DLB patients (N = 50), and cognitively unimpaired older controls (Healthy; N = 54). Each group was partitioned into low (Edu-) and high (Edu+) educational attainment subgroups, matched for age, sex, and cognitive-motor status. We analyzed rsEEG rhythms across the individual delta, theta, and alpha frequency bands. Cortical rsEEG source topography was estimated using eLORETA freeware. In the Healthy group, Edu+ participants exhibited significantly greater widespread rsEEG alpha source activities compared to Edu- participants, possibly reflecting neuroprotective neurophysiological mechanisms. Conversely, in the PDD group, Edu+ patients showed lower widespread rsEEG alpha source activities than Edu- patients, possibly indicating compensatory mechanisms. No significant differences in rsEEG source activities were observed between DLB-Edu+ and DLB-Edu- patients. Educational attainment may be associated with compensatory mechanisms that counteract the abnormal neurophysiological processes underlying rsEEG alpha rhythms and vigilance regulation in PDD patients, but not in DLB patients. Future studies combining rsEEG and neuroimaging techniques should investigate the metabolic and functional connectivity correlates of these putative compensatory mechanisms in the PDD brain. Early education may be a key investment for national governments, especially in low-income countries, to prevent the cognitive deficits of Parkinson's disease along aging, thereby reducing the unbearable social and economic burden.

Indexed as

Alpha RhythmDementiaEducational StatusLewy Body DiseaseParkinson DiseaseAgedAged, 80 and overCase-Control StudiesElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleCognitive reserveEducationExact low-resolution brain electromagnetic source tomography (eLORETA)Lewy body dementia (DLB), Alpha resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythmsParkinson’s disease dementia (PDD)

Identifiers

PMID40498398
PMCPMC12972170

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.