ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2025
Differential Effects of Levodopa and Stimulation on Post-Surgery Freezing of Gait in Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Clinical and Kinematic Analysis.
Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Applications of Tailored Mesoporous Silicate Nanomaterials in Regenerative Medicine and Theranostics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe long-term efficacy of high-frequency subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) on freezing of gait (FOG) remains unclear. We aimed to study the mechanism and optimal therapeutic approach to long-term post-surgery FOG.
objectiveThe aim was to assess the mechanism and optimal therapeutic approach to long-term post-surgery FOG.
methodsSeventeen Parkinson's disease (PD) STN-DBS patients with a FOG score (item 3.11) ≥2 in the MedON/StimON condition were evaluated under 5 experimental conditions, including a low-frequency (60 Hz) condition maintaining the same total energy delivered. In each condition, gait and FOG episodes (#FOG) were assessed using clinical (eg, a 3 × 14-m Stand-Walk-Sit Test) and kinematic data from inertial measurement units (IMU).
resultsCompared to MedOFF/StimOFF, #FOG significantly decreased in the MedON/StimON 130-Hz condition. Either stimulation or levodopa (LD) (MedOFF/StimON or MedON/StimOFF) also significantly reduced #FOG and Stand-Walk-Sit Test (SWS) time compared to MedOFF/StimOFF. No significant difference in #FOG episodes or SWS time was found between 130 and 60 Hz, though 60-Hz stimulation had lower axial scores. Individual responses to LD or stimulation varied: (1) 3 patients improved #FOG with LD but worsened with stimulation, whereas 5 exhibited the reverse; (2) in 9 patients, low-frequency stimulation outperformed high-frequency stimulation in reducing #FOG. Gait variability was the strongest kinematic dimension associated with FOG, with severity accurately identified via a neural network trained on sensor data.
conclusionPost-DBS FOG in the best-functional state is largely therapy resistant, partially improved by stimulation and medication. Individual variability in responses to LD and stimulation underscores the need to determine FOG circuit mechanisms, as treatment remains an unmet clinical need.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.