ReviewAntonie van Leeuwenhoek2025
Integrons: the hidden architects of bacterial adaptation, evolution, and the challenges of antimicrobial resistance.
Review in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Novel Real-Time SYBR Green PCR Assay for Integron Profiling inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mobile Genetic Elements as Key Drivers of Bacterial Evolution and Adaptation in Agroecosystems.Microbial ecology · 2026Review
- Genome-wide investigation of outbreak-associatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Integrons, a diverse group of genetic elements, have emerged as key players in bacterial adaptation and evolution. These elements, commonly found in both environmental as well as clinical settings, facilitate the acquisition, exchange, and expression of integron cassettes, allowing bacteria to rapidly adapt to changing environments and acquire antibiotic resistance. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the various classes of clinical integrons, including class 1, 2, and 3, highlighting their origins, distribution, and associated mobile elements. We delve into the astonishing success of "class 1 integrons", emphasizing their ability to recognize diverse attachment sites known as "attC sites" and getting integrated within many different integron cassettes from diverse sources. Class 1 integrons are able to propagate widely among bacterial hosts due to their lack of host specificity, interaction with transposons, and broad host range plasmids. Moreover, we discuss the substantial impact of class 1 integrons in antimicrobial resistance, as they accumulate an array of resistance genes through strong positive selection. Additionally, we address the challenging issue regarding the evolution and function of integrons and integron cassettes, including the role of promoters, origins of integron cassettes, and the abundance of unknown proteins encoded within them. The future prospects of integron research are also explored, highlighting the need to understand cassette expression patterns, assess the contribution of chromosomal/superintegron arrays to host fitness, unravel the mechanisms of cassette generation, and investigate the connection between the SOS induction and horizontal gene transfer. Overall, this review underlines the significance of integrons as hidden architects driving bacterial adaptation and evolution, providing valuable insights into their ecological and evolutionary dynamics, and shaping the future direction of research in this field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40506592What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.